{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:54:10Z","timestamp":1789772050038,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2712,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,20]],"date-time":"2018-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is more prevalent in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs) compared to dogs of other breeds at a given age. Abnormal valvular stress is thought to contribute to the development and progression of MMVD, and a relationship exists between mitral valve (MV) morphology and stress acting on the valve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether the MV morphology of healthy adult CKCSs differs from the morphology of healthy adult dogs of other breeds determined by RT-3DTTE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-five healthy CKCSs and 41 healthy dogs of other breeds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cross-sectional study. Dogs underwent physical examination, conventional echocardiography, and RT-3DTTE. RT\u20133DTTE datasets were analyzed using dedicated software for MV morphologic analysis. Morphologic variables were compared between CKCSs and dogs of other breeds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MV of healthy CKCSs had a smaller annulus height (0.46 \u00b1 0.11 vs. 0.56 \u00b1 0.17; P = .0021), tenting height (0.26 \u00b1 0.12 vs. 0.42 \u00b1 0.18; P &amp;lt; .001), tenting area (0.42 \u00b1 0.15 vs. 0.79 \u00b1 0.34; P &amp;lt; .001), normalized tenting volume (0.09 [0.05\u20130.13] vs. 0.14 [0.10\u20130.20]; P &amp;lt; .001), and normalized area of the posterior leaflet (0.57 \u00b1 0.15 vs. 0.66 \u00b1 0.18; P = .016) compared to healthy dogs of other breeds; this results in CKCSs having a flatter MV with reduced tenting, compared to the MV of other breeds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These morphologic features could confer a mechanical disadvantage and play a role in the predisposition of CKCSs to the early development of MMVD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,21]],"date-time":"2018-09-21T14:23:58Z","timestamp":1537539838000},"page":"1564-1569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Comparison of the mitral valve morphologies of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and dogs of other breeds using 3D transthoracic echocardiography"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7483-062X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Menciotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Blacksburg, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Borgarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Blacksburg, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9599-9256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Aherne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Blacksburg, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Blacksburg, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3402-023X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"H\u00e4ggstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Science Department of Clinical Sciences, , Uppsala,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Ljungvall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Science Department of Clinical Sciences, , Uppsala,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunshine M.","family":"Lahmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Blacksburg, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6981-8968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Blacksburg, Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020922034557800_jvim15252-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb01803.x","article-title":"Heart disease as a cause of death in insured swedish dogs younger than 10 years of age","volume":"20","author":"Egenvall","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med."},{"key":"2026020922034557800_jvim15252-bib-0002","first-page":"549","article-title":"Chronic valvular disease in the cavalier King Charles spaniel in 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