{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T02:51:23Z","timestamp":1774579883440,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2590,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]],"date-time":"2018-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Megaloblastic, nonregenerative anemia is a well-known consequence of cobalamin or folate deficiencies in humans but is not recognized in hypocobalaminemic or hypofolatemic dogs. Establishment of relationships between hypocobalaminemia or hypofolatemia and hematologic disease would encourage vitamin B testing, and potentially supplementation, in anemic dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the prevalence of anemia in hypocobalaminemic or hypofolatemic dogs and to report the prevalence of hypocobalaminemia and hypofolatemia and nonregenerative anemia, macrocytosis, and anisocytosis in anemic dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred and fourteen client-owned dogs with known serum cobalamin and folate concentrations and CBCs and 42 client-owned anemic dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective comparison of anemia prevalence in hypocobalaminemic or hypofolatemic and normocobalaminemic or normofolatemic dogs was performed. Prospective measurement of erythrocyte variables and cobalamin and folate concentrations in anemic dogs was carried out; relationships among hypocobalaminemia and regenerative status, mean corpuscular volume, and red cell distribution width were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant differences in prevalence of anemia between hypocobalaminemic (36%) and normocobalaminemic dogs (26%; P\u2009=\u2009.23) or between hypofolatemic (31%) and normofolatemic dogs (30%; P\u2009=\u2009.99) were not detected. Between hypocobalaminemic and normocobalaminemic dogs, no significant differences in prevalence of nonregenerative anemia (69% vs 63%; P\u2009=\u2009.65), macrocytosis (17% vs 0%; P\u2009=\u2009.53), or anisocytosis (28% vs 0%; P\u2009=\u2009.14) were detected. Anemic dogs had high prevalence of vitamin B deficiencies (nonregenerative: 64% hypocobalaminemic, 18% hypofolatemic; regenerative: 57% hypocobalaminemic, 21% hypofolatemic).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association between cobalamin and folate deficiencies and macrocytic, nonregenerative anemia established in humans is not routinely present in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]],"date-time":"2018-11-29T23:34:11Z","timestamp":1543534451000},"page":"106-113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Relationship between cobalamin and folate deficiencies and anemia in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3615-6878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Stanley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Service, The Animal Medical Center , New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Appleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Service, The Animal Medical Center , New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Schlag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Service, Colonial Veterinary Hospital , Ithaca, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology, IDEXX Laboratories , New York, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020922034174000_jvim15348-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1113996","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency","volume":"368","author":"Stabler","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026020922034174000_jvim15348-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.01.025","article-title":"Cobalamin in companion animals: diagnostic marker, deficiency states and therapeutic implications","volume":"196","author":"Ruaux","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922034174000_jvim15348-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4521","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5114521","article-title":"Cobalamin deficiency: clinical picture and radiological findings","volume":"5","author":"Briani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020922034174000_jvim15348-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1031155","article-title":"Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency in elderly patients","volume":"171","author":"Andres","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020922034174000_jvim15348-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.74.1.84","article-title":"Serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid concentrations in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease","volume":"74","author":"Berghoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020922034174000_jvim15348-bib-0006","first-page":"1","article-title":"Two-year-old girl with pancytopenia due to vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency","volume":"50","author":"Ho","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2026020922034174000_jvim15348-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2008.01043.x","article-title":"Severe vitamin B12 deficiency resulting in pancytopenia, splenomegaly and leukoerythroblastosis","volume":"80","author":"Halfdanarson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020922034174000_jvim15348-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.4066\/AMJ.2014.1872","article-title":"Vitamin B12 deficiency presenting as pancytopenia and retinopathy in a young boy \u2013 helicobacter pylori, a novel causative agent","volume":"7","author":"Anitha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Australas Med J"},{"key":"2026020922034174000_jvim15348-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2257.2006.00755.x","article-title":"Current hematological findings in cobalamin deficiency. 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