{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:28:34Z","timestamp":1785536914049,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2590,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]],"date-time":"2018-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007353","name":"Institut Suisse de M\u00e9decine \u00c9quine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Account : 39-890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Account : 39-890"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007353","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310030-160196 and"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030-160196 and"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["131003A162548\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["131003A162548\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007353","name":"Institut Suisse de M\u00e9decine \u00c9quine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Account : 39\u2010890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Account : 39\u2010890"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007353","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310030\u2010160196 and"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030\u2010160196 and"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["131003A162548\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["131003A162548\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical evidence suggests that, in horses, there are manifestations of hypersensitivity that can occur together.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether concurrent insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) and severe equine asthma (EA) is associated with higher allergen-specific and total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentrations than only EA or IBH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Healthy control horses (C, n\u2009=\u200940), horses with IBH (IBH, n\u2009=\u200924), severe EA (EA, n\u2009=\u200918), and both conditions (IBH\/EA, n\u2009=\u200923) were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our retrospective comparative study, sera from horses with signs of severe EA, IBH, and control animals were used. IgE specific for 15 recombinant (r) allergens as well as total serum IgE concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Group IBH (median sum r-Culicoides IgE: optical density at 405\u2009nm [OD405]\u2009=\u20093.54 [0.48-15.07]) and group IBH\/EA (OD405\u2009=\u20094.55 [0.46-17.15]) had significantly (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) higher IgE against Culicoides r-allergens than groups C (OD405\u2009=\u20090.44 [0.21-2.05]) and EA (OD405\u2009=\u20090.6 [0.2-2.9]). There were no significant (P\u2009&amp;gt;\u2009.05) differences between group IBH and group IBH\/EA. No significant differences among the groups were found for the other r-allergens or total serum IgE concentration. Compared to controls, horses with severe IBH had significantly increased IgE concentration to 5 Culicoides r-allergens (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05), whereas horses with moderate IBH had significantly increased IgE concentration to only 3 Culicoides r-allergens (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Susceptibility of IBH-affected horses to develop EA is likely not associated with IgE-mediated immune reactions but with other immunopathological mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,6]],"date-time":"2018-12-06T07:48:08Z","timestamp":1544082488000},"page":"266-274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Allergen-specific immunoglobulin E in sera of horses affected with insect bite hypersensitivity, severe equine asthma or both conditions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7950-1331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u00ebva","family":"Verdon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine clinic, Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, University of Bern and Agroscope , Berne,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2453-1829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Lanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine clinic, Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, University of Bern and Agroscope , Berne,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7557-9171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Rhyner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Z\u00fcrich Department of Vaccine Development, , Davos,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7834-4482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinzenz","family":"Gerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine clinic, Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine, University of Bern and Agroscope , Berne,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1284-4350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliane","family":"Marti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bern Department of Clinical Research, , Berne,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12473","article-title":"Multiple hypersensitivities including recurrent airway obstruction, insect bite hypersensitivity, and urticaria in 2 warmblood horse populations","volume":"29","author":"Kehrli","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14817","article-title":"Insect bite hypersensitivity in horses is associated with airway hyperreactivity","volume":"31","author":"Lanz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0003","first-page":"202","article-title":"The atopic march: progression from atopic dermatitis to allergic rhinitis and asthma","volume":"5","author":"Bantz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Cell Immunol"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21340","article-title":"Allergen cross-reactivity in allergic rhinitis and oral-allergy syndrome: a bioinformatic protein sequence analysis","volume":"4","author":"Platt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2012.03.017","article-title":"Equine insect bite hypersensitivity: what do we know?","volume":"147","author":"Schaffartzik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e3282f85a31","article-title":"Lung\/skin connections in occupational lung disease","volume":"8","author":"Redlich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2013.03.005","article-title":"Cloning and expression of candidate allergens from Culicoides obsoletus for diagnosis of insect bite hypersensitivity in horses","volume":"153","author":"van der Meide","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.06.010","article-title":"Evaluation of an IgE ELISA with Culicoides spp. extracts and recombinant salivary antigens for diagnosis of insect bite hypersensitivity in Warmblood horses","volume":"198","author":"Peeters","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.06.010","article-title":"Allergen-specific IgE in Icelandic horses with insect bite hypersensitivity and healthy controls, assessed by Fc\u03b5R1\u03b1-based serology","volume":"126","author":"Frey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13824","article-title":"Inflammatory airway disease of horses-revised consensus statement","volume":"30","author":"Cou\u00ebtil","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12204","article-title":"Recurrent airway obstruction: a review","volume":"46","author":"Pirie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2011.02033.x","article-title":"Heaves, an asthma-like disease of horses","volume":"16","author":"Leclere","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.2007.00870.x","article-title":"IgE-bearing cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and allergen-specific IgE levels in sera from RAO-affected horses","volume":"54","author":"K\u00fcnzle","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(00)00154-9","article-title":"Allergen-specific IgE levels against crude mould and storage mite extracts and recombinant mould allergens in sera from horses affected with chronic bronchitis","volume":"73","author":"Eder","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(98)00202-5","article-title":"Studies on pulmonary and systemic Aspergillus fumigatus-specific IgE and IgG antibodies in horses affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)","volume":"66","author":"Schmallenbach","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol."},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12286","article-title":"Owner-reported coughing and nasal discharge are associated with clinical findings, arterial oxygen tension, mucus score and bronchoprovocation in horses with recurrent airway obstruction in a field setting","volume":"47","author":"Rettmer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Equine Vet J."},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.2746\/042516409X479586","article-title":"Relationship of horse owner assessed respiratory signs index to characteristics of recurrent airway obstruction in two Warmblood families","volume":"42","author":"Laumen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Equine Vet J."},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02941.x","article-title":"Effects of genetic and environmental factors on chronic lower airway disease in horses","volume":"21","author":"Ramseyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med."},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.9.1507","article-title":"Humoral and cell-mediated autoimmune reactions to human acidic ribosomal P2 protein in individuals sensitized to Aspergillus fumigatus P2 protein","volume":"189","author":"Mayer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1159\/000023889","article-title":"Recombinant Aspergillus fumigatus allergens: from the nucleotide sequences to clinical applications","volume":"115","author":"Crameri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2010.10.015","article-title":"Selective cloning, characterization, and production of the Culicoides nubeculosus salivary gland allergen repertoire associated with equine insect bite hypersensitivity","volume":"139","author":"Schaffartzik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol."},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.05.002","article-title":"Developing a preventive immunization approach against insect bite hypersensitivity using recombinant allergens: a pilot study","volume":"166","author":"Jonsdottir","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2006.02.003","article-title":"Production of monoclonal antibodies specific for native equine IgE and their application to monitor total serum IgE responses in Icelandic and non-Icelandic horses with insect bite dermal hypersensitivity","volume":"112","author":"Wilson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.2010.02122.x","article-title":"IgE, IgGa, IgGb and IgG(T) serum antibody levels in offspring of two sires affected with equine recurrent airway obstruction","volume":"41","author":"Scharrenberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim Genet"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2016.02.017","article-title":"A preventive immunization approach against insect bite hypersensitivity: intralymphatic injection with recombinant allergens in alum or alum and monophosphoryl lipid A","volume":"172","author":"Jonsdottir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12493","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of allergen-specific IgE and IgG subclasses as potential predictors of insect bite hypersensitivity following first exposure to Culicoides in Icelandic horses","volume":"29","author":"Ziegler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12274","article-title":"Serum concentrations of allergen-specific IgE in horses with equine recurrent airway obstruction and healthy controls assessed by ELISA","volume":"44","author":"Niedzwiez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.06.013","article-title":"Novel in vitro diagnosis of equine allergies using a protein array and mathematical modelling approach: a proof of concept using insect bite hypersensitivity","volume":"167","author":"Marti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2007.10.018","article-title":"Reduced incidence of insect-bite hypersensitivity in Icelandic horses is associated with a down-regulation of interleukin-4 by interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-\u03b21","volume":"122","author":"Hamza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2026020922022574500_jvim15355-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M510359200","article-title":"Function and evolution of a mosquito salivary protein family","volume":"281","author":"Calvo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjvim.15355","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/33\/1\/266\/66656381\/jvim15355.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/33\/1\/266\/66656381\/jvim15355.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T03:03:08Z","timestamp":1770692588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/33\/1\/266\/8447640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.15355","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-05-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-12-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}