{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:38:28Z","timestamp":1792003108333,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2531,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,8]],"date-time":"2019-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"McPhail Endowment"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"NIH National Center Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L40 TR001136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L40 TR001136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs","award":["1K01OD015134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K01OD015134"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014841","name":"American Quarter Horse Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201603689"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201603689"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014841","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L40 TR001136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L40 TR001136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immune-mediated myositis (IMM) in American Quarter Horses (QHs) causes acute muscle atrophy and lymphocytic infiltration of myofibers. Recently, an E321G mutation in a highly conserved region of the myosin heavy chain 1 (MYH1) gene was associated with susceptibility to IMM and nonexertional rhabdomyolysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate prevalence of the E321G MYH1 variant in the QH breed and performance subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three-hundred seven elite performance QHs and 146 random registered QH controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective genetic survey. Elite QHs from barrel racing, cutting, halter, racing, reining, Western Pleasure, and working cow disciplines and randomly selected registered QHs were genotyped for the E321G MYH1 variant and allele frequencies were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The E321G MYH1 variant allele frequency was 0.034\u2009\u00b1\u20090.011 in the general QH population (6.8% of individuals in the breed) and the highest among the reining (0.135\u2009\u00b1\u20090.040; 24.3% of reiners), working cow (0.085\u2009\u00b1\u20090.031), and halter (0.080\u2009\u00b1\u20090.027) performance subgroups. The E321G MYH1 variant was present in cutting (0.044\u2009\u00b1\u20090.022) and Western Pleasure (0.021\u2009\u00b1\u20090.015) QHs at lower frequency and was not observed in barrel racing or racing QHs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Knowing that reining and working cow QHs have the highest prevalence of the E321G MYH1 variant and that the variant is more prevalent than the alleles for hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia and hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in the general QH population will guide the use of genetic testing for diagnostic and breeding purposes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T02:57:27Z","timestamp":1547002647000},"page":"897-901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Prevalence of the E321G\n                    <i>MYH1<\/i>\n                    variant for immune-mediated myositis and nonexertional rhabdomyolysis in performance subgroups of American Quarter Horses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Giuliana M.","family":"Gianino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Department of Population Health and Reproduction, , Davis, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5978-7010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"Valberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, , East Lansing, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudeep","family":"Perumbakkam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McPhail Equine Neuromuscular Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, McPhail Equine Performance Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa L.","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McPhail Equine Neuromuscular Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, McPhail Equine Performance Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keri","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McPhail Equine Neuromuscular Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, McPhail Equine Performance Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Penedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Genetics Lab (Penedo), University of California Service Department, , Davis, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5924-0234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carrie J.","family":"Finno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Department of Population Health and Reproduction, , Davis, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020922221635200_jvim15393-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02996.x","article-title":"Suspected immune-mediated myositis in horses","volume":"21","author":"Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922221635200_jvim15393-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13395-018-0155-0","article-title":"A missense mutation in MYH1 is associated with susceptibility to immune-mediated myositis in quarter horses","volume":"8","author":"Finno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Skeletal Muscle"},{"key":"2026020922221635200_jvim15393-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15299","article-title":"An E321G MYH1 mutation is strongly associated with nonexertional rhabdomyolysis in quarter horses","volume":"32","author":"Valberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922221635200_jvim15393-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.234.1.120","article-title":"Evaluation of allele frequencies of inherited disease genes in subgroups of American Quarter horses","volume":"234","author":"Tryon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020922221635200_jvim15393-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2052.1996.tb00490.x","article-title":"Evidence for a single pedigree source of the hyperkalemic periodic paralysis susceptibility gene in quarter horses","volume":"27","author":"Bowling","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anim Genet"},{"key":"2026020922221635200_jvim15393-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1992.200.03.340","article-title":"Familial incidence of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in quarter horses","volume":"200","author":"Naylor","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020922221635200_jvim15393-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1092-144","article-title":"Periodic paralysis in quarter horses: a sodium channel mutation disseminated by selective breeding","volume":"2","author":"Rudolph","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026020922221635200_jvim15393-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.97","article-title":"Incidence of the endothelin receptor B mutation that causes lethal white foal syndrome in white-patterned horses","volume":"62","author":"Santschi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020922221635200_jvim15393-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320360319","article-title":"Overo lethal white foal syndrome: equine model of aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease)","volume":"36","author":"McCabe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"2026020922221635200_jvim15393-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14371","article-title":"Major histocompatibility complex I and II expression and lymphocytic subtypes in muscle of horses with immune-mediated myositis","volume":"30","author":"Durward-Akhurst","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922221635200_jvim15393-bib-0011","article-title":"Genetic Testing","author":"American Quarter Horse Association website"},{"key":"2026020922221635200_jvim15393-bib-0012","article-title":"Equi-Stat Website","author":"Cowboy Publishing Group"},{"key":"2026020922221635200_jvim15393-bib-0013","article-title":"Race Leaders","author":"American Quarter Horse Association website"},{"key":"2026020922221635200_jvim15393-bib-0014","article-title":"Microsoft Office Excel 2016","author":"Microsoft Corporation","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026020922221635200_jvim15393-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985816688755","article-title":"Immune-mediated muscle diseases of the horse","volume":"55","author":"Durward-Akhurst","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"2026020922221635200_jvim15393-bib-0016","article-title":"AQHA Annual Report","author":"American Quarter Horse Association website","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026020922221635200_jvim15393-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/est079","article-title":"The American quarter horse: population structure and relationship to the thoroughbred","volume":"105","author":"Petersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hered"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjvim.15393","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvim.15393","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvim.15393","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/33\/2\/897\/66659526\/jvim15393.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/33\/2\/897\/66659526\/jvim15393.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T03:32:16Z","timestamp":1770694336000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/33\/2\/897\/8448091"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.15393","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-07-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-01-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}