{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:21:44Z","timestamp":1791289304532,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2470,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,13]],"date-time":"2019-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An evaluation of currently available in-clinic diagnostic tests for Giardia duodenalis infection of dogs and cats has not been performed. In addition, there is discordance among published diagnostic comparisons. The absence of a true gold standard for detecting Giardia duodenalis also complicates diagnostic evaluations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate diagnostic tests commercially available in the United States for detecting Giardia duodenalis in dogs and cats, in comparison to a widely used reference test, the direct immunofluorescent assay (IFA), and also to compare the results of 2 methods of analysis: comparison of diagnostic tests to a reference test (IFA) and Bayesian analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fecal samples from a convenience sample of 388 cats and dogs located in Colorado, Oklahoma, and Virginia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fecal samples were tested for Giardia duodenalis by zinc sulfate centrifugal fecal flotation and 4 different commercial diagnostic immunoassays. Results were analyzed via Bayesian analysis and by comparison to the IFA as the reference test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sensitivity and specificity by comparison to IFA was \u226582% and \u226590%, respectively, for all diagnostic tests in dogs and cats. When analyzed via Bayesian analysis, sensitivity and specificity were \u226583% and \u226595%, respectively. When ZnSO4 centrifugal fecal flotation results were combined with immunoassay results, there was no longer a significant difference between the sensitivities of the commercial in-clinic immunoassays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Bayesian analysis validates using IFA as the reference test. Differences in commercial in-clinic immunoassay sensitivities can be mitigated when the results are combined with ZnSO4 centrifugal fecal flotation results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,14]],"date-time":"2019-04-14T00:08:38Z","timestamp":1555200518000},"page":"1272-1277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Comparison of diagnostic techniques for detection of\n                    <i>Giardia duodenalis<\/i>\n                    in dogs and cats"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1397-8828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meriam N.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, , Blacksburg, Virginia"},{"name":"Oklahoma State University Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, 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