{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T21:53:41Z","timestamp":1789077221257,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2286,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018787","name":"Novartis Animal Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heart disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cats, but there is limited evidence of the benefit of any medication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazepril would delay the time to treatment failure in cats with heart disease of various etiologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred fifty-one client-owned cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cats with heart disease, confirmed by echocardiography, with or without clinical signs of congestive heart failure, were recruited between 2002 and 2005 and randomized to benazepril or placebo in a prospective, multicenter, parallel-group, blinded clinical trial. Benazepril (0.5-1.0 mg\/kg) or placebo was administered PO once daily for up to 2 years. The primary endpoint was treatment failure. Analyses were conducted separately for all-cause treatment failure (main analysis) and heart disease-related treatment failure (supportive analysis).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No benefit of benazepril versus placebo was detected for time to all-cause treatment failure (P = .42) or time to treatment failure related to heart disease (P = .21). Hazard ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) from multivariate analysis for benazepril compared with placebo were 1.00 (0.57-1.74) for all-cause failure, and 0.99 (0.50-1.94) for forward selection and 0.93 (0.48-1.81) for bidirectional selection models for heart disease-related failure. There were no significant differences between groups over time after administration of the test articles in left atrium diameter, left ventricle wall thickness, quality of life scores, adverse events, or plasma biochemistry or hematology variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Benazepril was tolerated well in cats with heart disease, but no evidence of benefit was detected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,27]],"date-time":"2019-09-27T05:11:38Z","timestamp":1569561098000},"page":"2559-2571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Evaluation of benazepril in cats with heart disease in a prospective, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4194-9015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan N.","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Elanco Animal Health , Basel,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mike Martin Consultancy , Kenilworth,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7891-1814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Chetboul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d'Alfort , Maisons-Alfort,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Ferasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lumbry Park Veterinary Specialists , Alton,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne T.","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow , Glasgow,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnther","family":"Strehlau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Seewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elanco Animal Health , Basel,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah G. W.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sarah Smith Cardiology , Derby,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon T.","family":"Swift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan L.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SLR Cardiology Referrals , Hebden Bridge,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Technology Sydney , Sydney,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J. L.","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barton Veterinary Hospital , Canterbury,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah M. A.","family":"Caney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vet Professionals Ltd , Roslin,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry E.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine , St Kitts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew H.","family":"Sparkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feline Veterinary Consultancy , Shaftesbury,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor J.","family":"Mardell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chestergates Veterinary Specialists CVS (UK) Ltd , Chester,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Bomassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire des Cordeliers Meaux , Meaux,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Saint Bernard , Lomme,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Sauvage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Egerton, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armelle","family":"Diqu\u00e9lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRSD, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS , Toulouse,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias A.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Giessen , Giessen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence J.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ashby Vet Group , Scunthorpe,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David D.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kings-Lynn, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Francois","family":"Rousselot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire du Clos des Cam\u00e9lias , Colombes,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2011.05.006","article-title":"Is treatment of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy based in science or faith? A survey of cardiologists and a literature search","volume":"13","author":"Rishniw","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.245.5.534","article-title":"Case-control study of the effects of pimobendan on survival time in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure","volume":"245","author":"Reina-Doreste","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2015.03.009","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of feline cardiomyopathy: chronic management of heart failure","volume":"17","author":"Gordon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2017.04.008","article-title":"Feline congestive heart failure current diagnosis and management","volume":"47","author":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Clin Small Anim"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2015.03.004","article-title":"Management of asymptomatic (occult) feline cardiomyopathy: challenges and realities","volume":"17","author":"Fox","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198706043162301","article-title":"Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS)","volume":"316","author":"CONSENSUS Trial Study Group","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108013250501","article-title":"Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure","volume":"325","author":"The SOLVD investigators","year":"1991","journal-title":"New Eng J Med"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1995.tb01075.x","article-title":"Controlled clinical evaluation of enalapril in dogs with heart failure: results of the Cooperative Veterinary Enalapril Study Group","volume":"9","author":"The COVE Study Group","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Vet Int Med"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1998.213.11.1573","article-title":"Effects of enalapril maleate on survival of dogs with naturally acquired heart failure. The Long-Term Investigation of Veterinary Enalapril (LIVE) Study Group","volume":"213","author":"Ettinger","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S1760-2734(06)70025-X","article-title":"The effect of benazepril on survival times and clinical signs of dogs with congestive heart failure: results of a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, long-term clinical trial","volume":"1","author":"The BENCH Study Group","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-34-1-38","article-title":"The use of enalapril in the treatment of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"34","author":"Rush","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S1760-2734(06)70026-1","article-title":"Effects of benazepril in the treatment of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Results of a prospective, open-label, multicenter clinical trial","volume":"1","author":"Amberger","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1053\/jcpa.2001.0486","article-title":"Stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"125","author":"Taugner","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0014","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1993.tb01015.x","article-title":"Recommendations for standards in transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography in the dog and cat. Echocardiography Committee of the Specialty of Cardiology, American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"7","author":"Thomas","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0016","article-title":"Small Animal Cardiovascular Medicine","author":"Kittleson","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0017","article-title":"Textbook of Canine & Feline Cardiology","author":"Fox","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(95)00048-8","article-title":"Importance of events per independent variable in proportional hazards regression analysis II. Accuracy and precision of regression estimates","volume":"48","author":"Peduzzi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvc.2013.03.003","article-title":"Effect of treatment with atenolol on 5-year survival in cats with preclinical (asymptomatic) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"15","author":"Schober","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vet Cardiol"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2885.1999.00230.x","article-title":"Plasma angiotensin converting enzyme activity and pharmacokinetics of benazepril and benazeprilat in cats after single and repeated oral administration of benazepril.HCl","volume":"22","author":"King","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.375","article-title":"Effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor benazepril in cats with induced renal insufficiency","volume":"62","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb00702.x","article-title":"Tolerability and efficacy of benazepril in cats with chronic kidney disease","volume":"20","author":"King","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb00707.x","article-title":"The effect of ramipril on left ventricular mass, myocardial fibrosis, diastolic function, and plasma neurohormones in Maine Coon cats with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without heart failure","volume":"20","author":"MacDonald","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0049.x","article-title":"Effect of spironolactone on diastolic function and left ventricular mass in Maine Coon cats with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"22","author":"MacDonald","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0025","first-page":"437","article-title":"Benazepril and subclinical feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a prospective, blinded, controlled study","volume":"47","author":"Taillefer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0026","first-page":"398","article-title":"Prospective, double-blinded, multicenter evaluation of chronic therapies for feline diastolic heart failure: interim analysis","volume":"17","author":"Fox","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vet Int Med"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1992.201.04.613","article-title":"Risk factors, clinical signs, and survival in cats with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: 74 cases (1985-1989)","volume":"201","author":"Atkins","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.9.2645","article-title":"Echocardiographic assessment of spontaneously occurring feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. An animal model of human disease","volume":"92","author":"Fox","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.220.202","article-title":"Population and survival characteristics of cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: 260 cases (1990\u20131999)","volume":"220","author":"Rush","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1993.tb03184.x","article-title":"Heterogeneity of hypertrophy in feline hypertrophic heart disease","volume":"7","author":"Peterson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12215","article-title":"Prognostic indicators in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","volume":"27","author":"Payne","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020304364030000_jvim15572-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2010.00989.x","article-title":"Population characteristics and survival in 127 referred cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (1997 to 2005)","volume":"51","author":"Payne","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvim.15572","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvim.15572","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/33\/6\/2559\/66656422\/jvim15572.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/33\/6\/2559\/66656422\/jvim15572.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T09:37:19Z","timestamp":1770111439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/33\/6\/2559\/8447646"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.15572","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-12-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-09-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}