{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T17:37:07Z","timestamp":1770745027930,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2347,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"American Association of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and World Association of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine"},{"name":"Dr. Xie's Jing Tang Herbal TCVM Grant"},{"name":"University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine Companion Animal Research Fund"},{"name":"American Association of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and World Association of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine"},{"name":"Dr. Xie's Jing Tang Herbal TCVM Grant"},{"name":"University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine Companion Animal Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Wei Le San (WLS) is a Chinese herbal formula comprised of 9 herbs selected for their putative anti-inflammatory effects.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the effects of WLS administration in horses with nonglandular gastric ulcers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Animals<\/jats:title>\n Ten mixed breed mares (aged 7-21\u2009years, 401-567\u2009kg body weight).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Experimental design was a blinded, prospective, 2-period crossover study. All horses received a placebo (25\u2009mL dextrose-based syrup; n = 10) and the treatment (WLS, 5\u2009g in 25\u2009mL dextrose-based syrup; n = 10), administered twice daily. Horses underwent a 1-week, alternating feed-deprivation period to induce or worsen existing ulcers; treatment began on day 7. Gastroscopic examination was performed on d0, d6, and d35, with gastric fluid pH obtained on d6 and d35. Gastric ulcer scores assigned by 3 masked observers were averaged for each examination.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Ulcer number scores for horses treated with WLS (median = 0; range, 0-4) was not different from the untreated controls (median = 0.5; range, 0-4; P = .81) by the end of the treatment period. Ulcer severity score for treated horses (median = 0; range, 0-1) was also unchanged compared to the control group (median = 0.5; range, 0-1; P = .85). Gastric pH was not altered by either treatment, with a median of 2.1 (range, 1.9-4.1) for the horses treated with WLS and 2.8 (range, 1.6-7.2) in the untreated controls (P = .46).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n The experimental model used to induce gastric ulceration was unable to discern a difference between the herbal supplement and the placebo in normal horses.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T05:38:56Z","timestamp":1566538736000},"page":"2280-2285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of a Chinese herbal supplement on equine squamous gastric disease and gastric fluid pH in mares"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9922-2129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amelia S.","family":"Munsterman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin Department of Surgical Sciences, , Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Dias Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin Department of Medical Sciences, , Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando J.","family":"Marqu\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin Department of Medical Sciences, , Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.12491","article-title":"A comparison of the prevalence of gastric ulceration in feral and domesticated horses in the UK","volume":"27","author":"Ward","year":"2015","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05659.x","article-title":"Gastric ulcers in horses: a comparison of endoscopic findings in horses with and without clinical signs","volume":"21","author":"Murray","year":"1989","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1996.tb03107.x","article-title":"Factors associated with gastric lesions in Thoroughbred racehorses","volume":"28","author":"Murray","year":"1996","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13578","article-title":"European College of Equine Internal Medicine Consensus Statement\u2014equine gastric ulcer syndrome in adult horses","volume":"29","author":"Sykes","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05166.x","article-title":"Cross-sectional study of gastric ulcers of the squamous mucosa in Thoroughbred racehorses","volume":"31","author":"Vatistas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2003.tb11469.x","article-title":"The prevalence and distribution of gastric ulceration in 345 racehorses","volume":"81","author":"Begg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2006.03.001","article-title":"Prevalence of non-glandular gastric ulcers in horses involved in a university riding program","volume":"26","author":"Chameroy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00129.x","article-title":"Prevalence of gastric ulcer syndrome in high-level endurance horses","volume":"43","author":"Tamzali","year":"2011","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2010.00175.x","article-title":"The prevalence and risk factors of oesophageal and nonglandular gastric lesions in Thoroughbred racehorses in Saskatchewan","volume":"23","author":"Marqu\u00e9s","year":"2011","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2003.09.005","article-title":"Prevalence of gastric ulcers in endurance horses\u2014a preliminary report","volume":"167","author":"Nieto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0011","author":"Hepburn"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2009.01.006","article-title":"The effect of exercise on equine gastric ulcer syndrome in the Thoroughbred and Standardbred athlete","volume":"29","author":"Orsini","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Equine Vet Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05165.x","article-title":"Clinical syndromes of gastric ulceration in foals and mature horses","volume":"31","author":"Andrews","year":"1999","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb00723.x","article-title":"Effects of intravenously administrated omeprazole on gastric juice pH and gastric ulcer scores in adult horses","volume":"20","author":"Andrews","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05171.x","article-title":"Effect of omeprazole paste on gastric acid secretion in horses","volume":"31","author":"Daurio","year":"1999","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0016","first-page":"30130","article-title":"Horses referred to a teaching hospital exclusively for acupuncture and herbs: a three-year retrospective analysis","volume":"S2005-2901","author":"Schmalberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Acupunct Meridian Stud"},{"key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0017","first-page":"229","article-title":"Clinical Manual of Chinese Veterinary Medicine","author":"Mu","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0018","first-page":"187","article-title":"Practical Guide to Traditional Chinese Medicine","author":"Xie","year":"2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-2-26","article-title":"Sample size and power estimation for studies with health related quality of life outcomes: a comparison of four methods using the SF-36","volume":"2","author":"Walters","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1997.tb03154.x","article-title":"A scoring system for gastric ulcers in the horse","volume":"29","author":"MacAllister","year":"1997","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.2746\/042516402776117827","article-title":"Comparison of endoscopic, necropsy and histology scoring of equine gastric ulcers","volume":"34","author":"Andrews","year":"2002","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00975.x","article-title":"Effect of sea buckthorn berries and pulp in a liquid emulsion on gastric ulcer scores and gastric juice pH in horses","volume":"26","author":"Huff","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0023","first-page":"1","article-title":"Kappa statistic is not satisfactory for assessing the extent of agreement between raters","volume":"1","author":"Gwet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Methods Interrater Reliab Assess"},{"key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0024","first-page":"1","article-title":"Computing inter-rater reliability with the SAS system","volume":"3","author":"Gwet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Methods Interrater Reliab Assess"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.4.284","article-title":"Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology","volume":"6","author":"Cicchetti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","article-title":"Interrater reliability: the kappa statistic","volume":"22","author":"McHugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02087686","article-title":"Equine model of inducing ulceration in alimentary squamous epithelial mucosa","volume":"39","author":"Murray","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12691","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of two omeprazole formulations on stomach pH and gastric ulcer scores","volume":"49","author":"Raidal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12630","article-title":"The effects of dose and diet on the pharmacodynamics of omeprazole in the horse","volume":"49","author":"Sykes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1999.tb05161.x","article-title":"Normal equine gastroduodenal secretion and motility","volume":"29","author":"Merritt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Equine Vet J Suppl"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1989.50.06.945","article-title":"Effect of xylazine treatment on equine proximal gastrointestinal tract myoelectrical activity","volume":"50","author":"Merritt","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05649.x","article-title":"Effect of butorphanol on equine antroduodenal motility","volume":"21","author":"Merritt","year":"1989","journal-title":"Equine Vet J Suppl"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1998.59.5.619","article-title":"Effect of xylazine, detomidine, and a combination of xylazine and butorphanol on equine duodenal motility","volume":"59","author":"Merritt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020922075686600_jvim15603-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2008.11.004","article-title":"Nutrition and dietary management of equine gastric ulcer syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Reese","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjvim.15603","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvim.15603","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvim.15603","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/33\/5\/2280\/66657870\/jvim15603.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/33\/5\/2280\/66657870\/jvim15603.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T03:14:30Z","timestamp":1770693270000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/33\/5\/2280\/8447880"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.15603","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-02-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}