{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T15:33:53Z","timestamp":1781710433126,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2347,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Naniboujou Legacy Foundation"},{"name":"Rockys Research Fund"},{"name":"Naniboujou Legacy Foundation"},{"name":"Rockys Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cause of low serum vitamin D concentrations in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) is not well understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Improve understanding of pathogenesis of low serum vitamin D concentrations in dogs with CIE by comparing several clinical, clinicopathologic, and histologic variables between CIE dogs with low and normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (25[OH]D).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifteen dogs with CIE and low serum 25[OH]D concentrations; 15 dogs with CIE and normal serum 25(OH)D concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cohort study. Clinical and clinicopathologic variables were compared between groups. Correlations between serum 25(OH)D concentration and histopathologic variables were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dogs with CIE and low serum 25(OH)D concentrations had higher canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index scores (P\u2009=\u2009.003), lower serum \u03b1-tocopherol (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001), cholesterol (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001), and albumin (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) concentrations and higher serum C-reactive protein (P = .004) concentrations compared to CIE dogs with normal serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Serum concentrations of vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) were not different between groups (P = .91). Duodenal morphologic and inflammatory histopathological scores (P = .002 and P = .004, respectively) and total histopathological scores in duodenum and combined duodenum and ileum negatively correlated with serum 25(OH)D concentration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pathogenesis of low serum vitamin D concentrations in dogs with CIE is likely multifactorial. Fat malabsorption deserves further study in dogs with low serum vitamin D concentration and CIE. Loss of VDBP does not appear to be an important cause of low serum vitamin D concentration in dogs with CIE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,9]],"date-time":"2019-09-09T03:15:10Z","timestamp":1567998910000},"page":"1995-2004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Comparison of clinical, clinicopathologic, and histologic variables in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy and low or normal serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6486-3644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara A.","family":"Jablonski Wennogle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Fort Collins, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon L.","family":"Priestnall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, , Hatfield,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0296-5896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Su\u00e1rez-Bonnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, , Hatfield,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig B.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Fort Collins, Colorado"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020922093281300_jvim15614-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13603","article-title":"Association of vitamin D status and clinical outcome in dogs with a chronic enteropathy","volume":"29","author":"Titmarsh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922093281300_jvim15614-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2011.01082.x","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease and hypoalbuminaemia","volume":"52","author":"Gow","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020922093281300_jvim15614-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00331.x","article-title":"Hypocalcaemia associated with low serum vitamin d metabolite concentrations in two dogs with protein\u2212losing enteropathies","volume":"46","author":"Mellanby","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020922093281300_jvim15614-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-1022-7","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D is associated with negative outcome in dogs with protein losing enteropathy: a retrospective study of 43 cases","volume":"13","author":"Allenspach","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020922093281300_jvim15614-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjy025","article-title":"Role of vitamin D in the natural history of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Nielsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"2026020922093281300_jvim15614-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000546","article-title":"Association between inflammatory bowel disease and vitamin D deficiency. 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