{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T22:17:25Z","timestamp":1770157045411,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2286,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]],"date-time":"2019-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Endowment of the Mary Anne McPhail Dressage Chair in Equine Sports Medicine"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K05OD015134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K05OD015134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L40 TR001136."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L40 TR001136."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of California Davis Center for Equine Health"},{"name":"Michigan State University, EquineFreeman Fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K05OD015134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K05OD015134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L40 TR001136."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L40 TR001136."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A subset of horses deficient in alpha-tocopherol (\u03b1-TP) develop muscle atrophy and vitamin E-responsive myopathy (VEM) characterized by mitochondrial alterations in the sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis muscle (SC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To quantify muscle histopathologic abnormalities in subclinical \u03b1-TP deficient horses before and after \u03b1-TP supplementation and compare with retrospective (r)VEM cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective study; 16 healthy \u03b1-TP-deficient Quarter Horses. Retrospective study; 10 retrospective vitamin E-responsive myopathy (rVEM) cases .<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood, SC, and gluteus medius (GM) biopsy specimens were obtained before (day 0) and 56\u2009days after 5000\u2009IU\/450\u2009kg horse\/day PO water dispersible liquid \u03b1-TP (n = 8) or control (n = 8). Muscle fiber morphology and mitochondrial alterations were compared in samples from days 0 and 56 and in rVEM cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mitochondrial alterations more common than our reference range (&amp;lt;2.5% affected fibers) were present in 3\/8 control and 4\/8 treatment horses on day 0 in SC but not in GM (mean, 2.2; range, 0%-10% of fibers). Supplementation with \u03b1-TP for 56\u2009days did not change the percentage of fibers with mitochondrial alterations or anguloid atrophy, or fiber size in GM or SC. Clinical rVEM horses had significantly more mitochondrial alterations (rVEM SC, 13%\u2009\u00b1\u20097%; GM, 3%\u2009\u00b1\u20092%) and anguloid atrophy compared to subclinical day 0 horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinically normal \u03b1-TP-deficient horses can have mitochondrial alterations in the SC that are less severe than in atrophied VEM cases and do not resolve after 56\u2009days of \u03b1-TP supplementation. Preventing \u03b1-TP deficiency may be of long-term importance for mitochondrial viability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,29]],"date-time":"2019-10-29T08:14:30Z","timestamp":1572336870000},"page":"2770-2779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of alpha-tocopherol deficiency and supplementation on sacrocaudalis and gluteal muscle fiber histopathology and morphology in horses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7358-5781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Bookbinder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McPhail Equine Performance Center , Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5924-0234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carrie J.","family":"Finno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Davis Department of Population Health and Reproduction, , Davis, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna M.","family":"Firshman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, , St Paul, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Katzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Davis Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, , Davis, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Burns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Davis Department of Population Health and Reproduction, , Davis, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janel","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Davis Department of Population Health and Reproduction, , Davis, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Dahlgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Davis Department of Population Health and Reproduction, , Davis, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brittni","family":"Ming-Whitfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Davis Department of Population Health and Reproduction, , Davis, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelby","family":"Glessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McPhail Equine Performance Center , Department of 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