{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T07:04:17Z","timestamp":1771571057205,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2242,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bartonella\/Vector Borne Disease Research Fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032517","name":"IDEXX Laboratories Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032517","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32OD011130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32OD011130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"North Carolina State University Veterinary Medical Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32OD011130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32OD011130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dynamics of infection by Bartonella and Rickettsia species, which are epidemiologically associated in dogs, have not been explored in a controlled setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Describe an outbreak investigation of occult Bartonella spp. infection among a group of dogs, discovered after experimentally induced Rickettsia rickettsii (Rr) infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six apparently healthy purpose-bred Beagles obtained from a commercial vendor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective and prospective study. Dogs were serially tested for Bartonella spp. and Rr using serology, culture, and PCR, over 3 study phases: 3\u2009months before inoculation with Rr (retrospective), 6\u2009weeks after inoculation with Rr (retrospective), and 8\u2009months of follow-up (prospective).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Before Rr infection, 1 dog was Bartonella henselae (Bh) immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA) seroreactive and 1 was Rickettsia spp. IFA seroreactive. After inoculation with Rr, all dogs developed mild Rocky Mountain spotted fever compatible with low-dose Rr infection, seroconverted to Rickettsia spp. within 4-11\u2009days, and recovered within 1\u2009week. When 1 dog developed ear tip vasculitis with intra-lesional Bh, an investigation of Bartonella spp. infection was undertaken. All dogs had seroconverted to 1-3 Bartonella spp. between 7 and 18\u2009days after Rr inoculation. Between 4 and 8\u2009months after Rr inoculation, Bh DNA was amplified from multiple tissues from 2 dogs, and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii (Bvb) DNA was amplified from 4 of 5 dogs' oral swabs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vector-borne disease exposure was demonstrated in research dogs from a commercial vendor. Despite limitations, our results support the possibilities of recrudescence of chronic subclinical Bartonella spp. infection after Rr infection and horizontal direct-contact transmission between dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T06:42:31Z","timestamp":1577774551000},"page":"145-159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Detection of\n                    <i>Bartonella<\/i>\n                    spp. in dogs after infection with\n                    <i>Rickettsia rickettsii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0949-5698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"Lashnits","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6775-6166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pradeep","family":"Neupane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Raleigh, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7428-0138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo G.","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Raleigh, North Carolina"},{"name":"Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith E.","family":"Linder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, , Raleigh, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1812-5242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie M.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Raleigh, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nandhakumar","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intracellular Pathogens Research Laboratory, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brittany L.","family":"Southern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel P.","family":"McKeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Raleigh, North Carolina"},{"name":"Laboratory Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramaswamy","family":"Chandrashekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories, Inc , Westbrook, Maine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3506-0279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward 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