{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T19:22:07Z","timestamp":1785352927295,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2165,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in female dogs and recurrent infections often require investigation by transurethral cystoscopy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Describe the findings of transurethral cystoscopy in dogs presented for recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-three client-owned dogs with RUTI were included in the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective study. Data collected from medical records included signalment, clinical findings, bladder wall culture, cystoscopic, and histopathologic findings. UTI was defined as: presence of compatible clinical signs and at least 2 out of 3 of the following criteria: (1) pyuria, (2) positive urine culture, (3) resolution of clinical signs with antibiotic treatment. Recurrence of UTI was defined as at least 2 episodes of UTI within 6 months or at least 3 or more in 1\u2009year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age at presentation was 3.8\u2009years with a majority of female dogs (48\/53), 40\/48 of which were spayed. Main breeds were Labrador (10\/53), Australian Shepherd (4\/53), and Miniature Schnauzer (3\/53). A hooded vulva was noted in 33\/48 of females. Transurethral cystoscopy showed anomalies in 45\/53 of cases: mucosal edema (19\/53), vestibulovaginal septal remnant (15\/48), lymphoid follicles (8\/53), short urethra (6\/53), and ectopic ureter (5\/53). Urine culture at the time of cystoscopy was positive in 13\/49. Bladder wall edema and ulceration were the most common findings on histopathology (25\/39).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RUTI occurred more frequently in spayed female dogs. Transurethral cystoscopy is useful in the diagnosis and treatment of anomalies in dogs with RUTIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T09:54:28Z","timestamp":1582710868000},"page":"790-796","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Transurethral cystoscopy in dogs with recurrent urinary tract infections: Retrospective study (2011-2018)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8215-5425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Llido","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal Department of Clinical Sciences, , Saint-Hyacinthe, 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