{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T09:15:56Z","timestamp":1778922956862,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2165,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dental disease is a troublesome health concern in alpacas. Specifically, the occurrence of tooth root abscesses has been described in veterinary literature. Nevertheless, no objective prevalence data are available for dental disorders in alpacas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the prevalence of dental disorders in alpaca herds in Belgium and the Netherlands. To study the associations between the different dental disorders encountered in alpacas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 228 alpacas (Vicugna pacos) originating from 25 farms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a cross-sectional study. Dental disorders were diagnosed by dental examination of sedated animals using a dental mirror or a portable rigid oroscope.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At the animal level, 82% (n = 187) had dental disorders of which 74.6, 41.7, and 3.9% were cheek teeth, incisor disorders, and canine disorders, respectively. At the level of the cheek teeth, diastemata (43.1%) were most common, followed by wear abnormalities (WA; 39.6%) and periodontal disease (PD; 33.3%). A significant association was detected between the presence of diastemata and PD (odds ratio [OR], 13.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.6-27.7; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). Pulp exposure was significantly associated with the presence of diastemata (OR, 11.8; 95% CI, 3.8-51.5; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001), PD (OR, 8.2; 95% CI, 3.1-25.3; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) and WA (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2-7.4; P = .002).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dental disorders are highly prevalent in alpacas in Belgium and the Netherlands. Several dental disorders in alpacas had significant associations. To prevent the development of advanced stages of dental disease, routine dental examinations are advised to allow early detection and prompt treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T08:34:57Z","timestamp":1582878897000},"page":"1028-1038","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Dental disease in alpacas. Part 1: Prevalence of dental disorders and their mutual relationships"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0846-7150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsten","family":"Proost","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Ghent University, Merelbeke,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1026-8433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart","family":"Pardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0248-2715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elke","family":"Pollaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Ghent University, Merelbeke,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thijs","family":"Flahou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alpa-Vet , Geluwe,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8136-0232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lieven","family":"Vlaminck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Ghent University, Merelbeke,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020302544955500_jvim15741-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2009.03.007","article-title":"Dental disease in llamas and alpacas","volume":"25","author":"Niehaus","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020302544955500_jvim15741-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.231.2.284","article-title":"Tooth root abscesses in llamas and alpacas: 123 cases (1994-2005)","volume":"231","author":"Niehaus","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020302544955500_jvim15741-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-10-4","article-title":"Computed tomographic and radiographic examination of dental structures in South American camelid specimen of different ages","volume":"10","author":"Rostami","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020302544955500_jvim15741-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1136\/inp.f3641","article-title":"Diseases in camelids 1. 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