{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:32:14Z","timestamp":1791639134995,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2043,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032517","name":"IDEXX Laboratories","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032517","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dogs with hypoadrenocorticism (HA) frequently show signs of gastrointestinal disease (SGD). The prevalence of dogs presented for chronic SGD with HA is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of HA in dogs with chronic SGD and to identify clinical and laboratory variables for HA in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred fifty-one dogs with chronic SGD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this multicentered prevalence study a standardized workup was performed in prospectively enrolled dogs with SGD\u2009&amp;gt;\u20093\u2009weeks duration. Basal serum cortisol concentration was measured in every dog with ACTH stimulation test (ACTHST) if basal serum cortisol concentration was &amp;lt;3 \u03bcg\/dL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Basal serum cortisol concentration was &amp;lt;3\u2009\u03bcg\/dL in 80\/151 (53%) dogs, &amp;lt;2\u2009\u03bcg\/dL in 42\/151 (28%) dogs, and\u2009&amp;lt;\u20091\u2009\u03bcg\/dL in 9\/151 (6%) dogs. In 6\/151 dogs HA was diagnosed based on ACTHST (stimulated serum cortisol concentration\u2009&amp;lt;\u20092\u2009\u03bcg\/dL), a prevalence of 4%. There was no difference in history, physical examination, and laboratory variables between dogs with HA and those with other causes of chronic SGD. In 4\/6 dogs with HA, there was melena or hematochezia indicating gastrointestinal blood loss. Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, or both was not observed in any dog.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of HA among dogs with chronic SGD is higher than in the general population. Based on these results, testing adrenal function should be performed as a standard screening test in dogs with chronic SGD to differentiate between HA and chronic enteropathies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T11:40:52Z","timestamp":1592912452000},"page":"1399-1405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Prevalence and characterization of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs with signs of chronic gastrointestinal disease: A multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1665-0740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Hauck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich , Munich,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1084-7013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silke S.","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8516-0040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwan A.","family":"Burgener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Department for Companion Animals and Horses, , Vienna,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Wehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian 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