{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T20:23:25Z","timestamp":1770150205439,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2043,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Congenital sensorineural deafness (CSD) is the most common type of deafness in Dalmatian dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To use results of CSD screening in Dalmatian dogs in the United Kingdom in genetic analysis and to determine any changes in the prevalence of CSD in this breed over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 8955 Dalmatian puppies undergoing hearing function screening using brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) between July 1992 and February 2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results of BAER testing and pigmentation phenotypic data were linked to the UK Kennel Club Dalmatian pedigree database. Mixed model analysis was used to estimate variance parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall prevalence of CSD was 17.8% (13.4%, unilateral; 4.4%, bilateral). Heritability of CSD was approximately 0.3 (across models) and significantly &amp;gt;0. Genetic correlations between CSD and blue irises (+0.6) and pigmented head patch (\u22120.86) were large in magnitude and significantly different form 0. Significant improving phenotypic and genetic trends were identified, likely as the result of selection against deafness, equivalent to avoiding breeding with the 4% to 5% of animals with the highest genetic risk of CSD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A decrease in the prevalence and genetic risk of CSD implies breeders have been selecting for hearing dogs. Selective breeding based on estimated breeding values (EBVs) can help further decrease the prevalence of CSD in Dalmatians in the future.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,16]],"date-time":"2020-06-16T09:46:26Z","timestamp":1592300786000},"page":"1524-1531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Decline in prevalence of congenital sensorineural deafness in Dalmatian dogs in the United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4166-7955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Lewis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kennel Club , London,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, The University of Nottingham , Leicestershire,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Trust , Newmarket,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"De Risio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Trust , Newmarket,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020302593586000_jvim15776-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1992.tb00333.x","article-title":"Brainstem auditory-evoked potential assessment of congenital deafness in Dalmatians: associations with phenotypic markers","volume":"6","author":"Strain","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020302593586000_jvim15776-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2012.08.010","article-title":"Canine deafness","volume":"42","author":"Strain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small"},{"key":"2026020302593586000_jvim15776-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(03)00104-7","article-title":"Deafness prevalence and pigmentation and gender associations in dog breeds at risk","volume":"167","author":"Strain","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2026020302593586000_jvim15776-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(97)80050-0","article-title":"Prevalence and prevention of deafness in the Dalmatian\u2014assessing the effect of parental hearing status and gender using ordinary logistic and generalized random litter effect models","volume":"154","author":"Wood","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2026020302593586000_jvim15776-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.550","article-title":"Complex segregation analysis of deafness in Dalmatians","volume":"61","author":"Famula","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020302593586000_jvim15776-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.2001.0661","article-title":"Further contributions to the genetic aspect of congenital sensorineural deafness in Dalmatians","volume":"163","author":"Muhle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2026020302593586000_jvim15776-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(02)00256-3","article-title":"Analysis of systematic effects on congenital deafness in German Dalmatian dogs","volume":"166","author":"Juraschko","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2026020302593586000_jvim15776-bib-0008","first-page":"15","article-title":"Gender effects in hearing loss in Dalmatians","volume":"48","author":"Famula","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet Med"},{"key":"2026020302593586000_jvim15776-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.166.3.1385","article-title":"Heritability and segregation analysis of deafness in U.S. Dalmatians","volume":"166","author":"Cargill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2026020302593586000_jvim15776-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080642","article-title":"Congenital sensorineural deafness in Dalmatian dogs associated with quantitative trait loci","volume":"8","author":"Kluth","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026020302593586000_jvim15776-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2015.00029","article-title":"The genetics of deafness in domestic animals","volume":"2","author":"Strain","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026020302593586000_jvim15776-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2010.05.012","article-title":"Prevalence, heritability and genetic correlations of congenital sensorineural deafness and pigmentation phenotypes in the Border Collie","volume":"188","author":"De Risio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2026020302593586000_jvim15776-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-016-0777-6","article-title":"Prevalence, heritability and genetic correlations of congenital sensorineural deafness and coat pigmentation phenotype in the English bull terrier","volume":"12","author":"De Risio","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020302593586000_jvim15776-bib-0014","article-title":"Congenital sensorineural deafness in English Setters in the United Kingdom: prevalence and association with phenotype and sex","author":"Marsh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"2026020302593586000_jvim15776-bib-0015","first-page":"1","author":"Gilmour","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026020302593586000_jvim15776-bib-0016","article-title":"Introduction to Quantitative Genetics","author":"Falconer","year":"1996","edition":"4"},{"key":"2026020302593586000_jvim15776-bib-0017","author":"MATLAB and Statistics Toolbox Release","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026020302593586000_jvim15776-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-3-31","article-title":"Heritability and complex segregation analysis of deafness in Jack Russell terriers","volume":"3","author":"Famula","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020302593586000_jvim15776-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/62.3.171","article-title":"White fur, blue eyes, and deafness in the domestic cat","volume":"62","author":"Bergsma","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Hered"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020302593586000_jvim15776-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2019.06.001","article-title":"Identification of Waardenburg syndrome and the management of hearing loss and associated sequelae: a review for the pediatric nurse practitioner","volume":"33","author":"Ringer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Health Care"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjvim.15776","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvim.15776","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvim.15776","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/34\/4\/1524\/66660393\/jvim15776.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/34\/4\/1524\/66660393\/jvim15776.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T07:59:48Z","timestamp":1770105588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/34\/4\/1524\/8448232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.15776","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-12-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}