{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T21:06:45Z","timestamp":1790024805845,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1981,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Administration of moxidectin topically and doxycycline PO has been utilized experimentally as an alternative treatment for heartworm disease. However, clinical effects of this protocol remain poorly characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the clinical and postmortem findings associated with administration of doxycycline and monthly 10% imidacloprid\u2009+\u20092.5% moxidectin (IMD\u2009+\u2009MOX, Advantage Multi\/Advocate) to Dirofilaria immitis-experimentally infected as compared to nontreated control dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen purpose-bred, female, Beagle dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective, blinded, experimental study. Animals with surgically transplanted adult heartworms were randomized into 2 study groups of equal size: a nontreated control group (n = 8) and an IMD\u2009+\u2009MOX and doxycycline-treated group (n = 8). Randomization was performed using a complete block design according to circulating microfilarial concentrations, measured before treatment. Serum biochemical profiles, CBCs, thoracic radiographs and echocardiograms were performed prior to and 3\u2009weeks after transplantation, and monthly for 10 months. Postmortem gross and histopathologic evaluations were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to control animals, mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD serum alanine aminotransferase (181\u2009\u00b1\u2009203\u2009U\/L vs 33\u2009\u00b1\u20097 U\/L; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001) and alkaline phosphatase (246\u2009\u00b1\u2009258\u2009U\/L vs 58\u2009\u00b1\u200919\u2009U\/L; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001) activities were significantly higher in the treated group on day 28. Radiographic and echocardiographic evidence of heartworm disease was observed in both groups; however, no significant differences in these variables were noted between groups. Mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD pulmonary arterial thrombus score was significantly higher in the treated vs nontreated group (3.9\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4 and 1.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1, respectively; P = .01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The treatment protocol was well-tolerated with no clinically relevant adverse effects for any variable evaluated during the observational period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T05:12:39Z","timestamp":1595308359000},"page":"1734-1745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Clinical assessment of heartworm-infected Beagles treated with a combination of imidacloprid\/moxidectin and doxycycline, or untreated"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Molly D.","family":"Savadelis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Department of Infectious Diseases, , Athens, Georgia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5476-5963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda E.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, , Athens, Georgia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregg S.","family":"Rapoport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, , Athens, Georgia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, , Athens, Georgia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Department of Pathology, , Athens, Georgia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Keys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keys Consulting , Athens, Georgia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameon M.","family":"Ohmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayer HealthCare Animal Health , Shawnee, Kansas,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe A.","family":"Hostetler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bayer HealthCare Animal Health , Shawnee, Kansas,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Dzimianski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Department of Infectious Diseases, , Athens, Georgia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Moorhead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia Department of Infectious Diseases, , Athens, 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