{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:27:01Z","timestamp":1787509621960,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1981,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In humans, absorption and tissue retention rates of intramuscularly administered hydroxocobalamin (OH-Cbl) are superior compared to cyanocobalamin (CN-Cbl). Supplementation with OH-Cbl has not been described in cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate effects of parenteral OH-Cbl supplementation on clinical signs, serum Cbl and methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations in hypocobalaminemic cats with gastrointestinal disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-three client-owned cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective study. Serum Cbl and MMA concentrations were determined at enrollment (t0), immediately before the 4th OH-Cbl IM injection (300\u2009\u03bcg, given q2\u2009weeks) (t1), and 4\u2009weeks after the 4th injection (t2). Severity of clinical signs (activity, appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, body weight) was graded at each time point and expressed as clinical disease activity score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median clinical disease activity score decreased significantly from t0 (6; range, 2-10) to t1 (1; range, 0-6) and t2 (1; range, 0-9). Median serum Cbl concentration increased significantly from 111\u2009pmol\/L (range, 111-218; reference range, 225-1451\u2009pmol\/L) at t0 to 1612\u2009pmol\/L (range, 526-14\u2009756) (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) at t1, and decreased again significantly to 712\u2009pmol\/L (range, 205-4265) (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01) at t2. Median baseline serum MMA concentration at t0 (802\u2009nmol\/L; range, 238-151\u2009000; reference range, 120-420\u2009nmol\/L) decreased significantly (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) to 199\u2009nmol\/L (range, 29-478) at t1, and was 205\u2009nmol\/L (range, 88-734) at t2. Serum MMA concentrations normalized in 22\/23 cats at t1, and were not significantly higher at t2 compared to t1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The herein described OH-Cbl injection scheme appears efficacious for normalization of cellular Cbl deficiency in cats with gastrointestinal disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]],"date-time":"2020-08-27T23:58:41Z","timestamp":1598572721000},"page":"1872-1878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Efficacy of intramuscular hydroxocobalamin supplementation in cats with cobalamin deficiency and gastrointestinal disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9492-3484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter H.","family":"Kook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich , Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger H.","family":"Melliger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melliger Analytics , Lenzerheide,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Hersberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Children's Hospital Zurich Department of Clinical Chemistry, , Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020922072528900_jvim15865-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2012.76","article-title":"Vitamin B12 transport from food to the body's cells\u2014a sophisticated, multistep pathway","volume":"9","author":"Nielsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026020922072528900_jvim15865-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1852","article-title":"Metabolism of amino acids in cats with severe cobalamin deficiency","volume":"62","author":"Ruaux","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020922072528900_jvim15865-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.013441","article-title":"Biomarkers of cobalamin (vitamin B-12) status in 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