{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:10:39Z","timestamp":1791943839454,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1920,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute exacerbation of CKD (ACKD) are common in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize the etiology, clinical and laboratory findings, and short- and long-term prognosis of dogs with ACKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred dogs with ACKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records of dogs diagnosed with ACKD admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital were retrospectively reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most common clinical signs included anorexia (84%), lethargy (77%), vomiting (55%) and diarrhea (37%). Presumptive etiology included inflammatory causes (30%), pyelonephritis (15%), ischemic causes (7%), other (3%), or unknown (45%). Median hospitalization time was 5\u2009days (range, 2-29\u2009days) and was significantly longer in survivors (6\u2009days; range, 2-29\u2009days) compared with nonsurvivors (4\u2009days; range, 2-20\u2009days; P &amp;lt;\u2009.001). Mortality rate was 35%. International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) acute kidney injury (AKI) grade at presentation was associated (P =\u2009.009) with short-term survival, but presumptive etiology was not (P =\u2009.46). On multivariable analysis; respiratory rate (P =\u2009.01), creatine kinase (CK) activity (P =\u2009.005) and serum creatinine concentration (SCR; P =\u2009.04) at presentation were associated with short-term outcome. Median survival time of dogs discharged was 105\u2009days (95% confidence interval [CI], 25-184), with 35 and 8 dogs surviving up to 6 and 12\u2009months, respectively. Presumptive etiology (P =\u2009.16) and SCR (P =\u2009.59) at discharge were not predictors of long-term survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short-term outcome of dogs with ACKD is comparable to those with AKI but long-term prognosis is guarded. The IRIS AKI grade at presentation is a prognostic indicator of short-term outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T13:53:18Z","timestamp":1602510798000},"page":"2507-2515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Acute on chronic kidney disease in dogs: Etiology, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, prognostic markers, and survival"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Asia","family":"Dunaevich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , 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