{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:05:52Z","timestamp":1791666352966,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1859,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"American Kennel Club (AKC) Canine Health Foundation","award":["02050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02050"]}]},{"name":"American Kennel Club (AKC) Canine Health Foundation","award":["01445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01445"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eradication of intramucosal Escherichia coli correlates with remission of periodic acid-Schiff-positive E coli-associated granulomatous colitis (GC). Treatment failures attributed to multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria necessitate alternative approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Determine clinical outcome of E coli-associated GC in dogs treated based on antimicrobial susceptibility profiling and characterize E coli phylogeny and resistance mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty Boxers and 4 French Bulldogs with E coli-associated GC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Culture, antimicrobial susceptibility profiling, and molecular characterization of E coli were performed and response to treatment was evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Initial biopsy sample culture yielded fluoroquinolone-sensitive (FQ-S) E coli from 9\/24 dogs and fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ-R) E coli from 15\/24. All but 1 FQ-R E coli were MDR with susceptibility to macrophage-penetrating antimicrobials restricted to carbapenems in 13\/15 dogs. Of 22\/24 treated based on susceptibility profiling, 8\/9 FQ-S dogs had complete initial clinical response (CR) during fluoroquinolone (FQ) treatment, whereas 9\/13 FQ-R dogs had complete or partial response (PR) during meropenem or doxycycline treatment. In 5\/9 FQ-S and 12\/13 FQ-R dogs with follow-up \u22653 months, CR was sustained in 5\/5 FQ-S (median, 25\u2009months; range, 4-46) whereas 6\/12 FQ-R had long-term CR (median, 59\u2009months; range 15-102), 4\/12 PR (median, 19\u2009months; range, 5-65), and 2\/12 had no response (NR). Four dogs with long-term follow-up died within 4\u2009years of diagnosis, including 2 euthanized for refractory colitis. Escherichia coli were genetically diverse. Fluoroquinolone resistance was associated with mutations in gyrA and parC, with plasmid-mediated resistance less common.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antimicrobial treatment guided by susceptibility profiling was associated with positive long-term outcomes in &amp;gt;80% of cases. Fluoroquinolone-resistance was widespread and not clonal. Further study is required to optimize treatment for dogs with MDR E coli-associated GC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T18:04:55Z","timestamp":1608055495000},"page":"150-161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["<i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    -associated granulomatous colitis in dogs treated according to antimicrobial susceptibility profiling"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3507-0589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison C.","family":"Manchester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine , Ithaca, New 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