{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:44:15Z","timestamp":1789749855038,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1859,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mycobacterial infections in cats are challenging to treat and incompletely described.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the features of mycobacterial infections in cats from northern California.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nineteen cats, all with nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections; 4 with Mycobacterium avium infection, 15 with rapid-growing mycobacterial (RGM) infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective study. Cases with positive mycobacterial culture, species identification, and susceptibility testing were included. Descriptive statistics were used. Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparisons between M avium and RGM infections (P\u2009\u2264\u2009.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rapid-growing mycobacterial cases included Mycobacterium smegmatis (9), Mycobacterium fortuitum (4), Mycobacterium abscessus (1), and Mycobacterium thermoresistibile (1). Mycobacterium avium infections were more likely than RGM infections to be disseminated (3\/4 vs 0\/15; P = .004). Disease of the skin\/subcutis (15\/15 vs 0\/4; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) and outdoor access (14\/15 vs 0\/4; P = .001) were primary features of RGM infections. Resistance to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides was common among M avium isolates. A high prevalence of resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins was noted in RGM species. Death\/euthanasia was noted only in M avium cases (3\/4). Twelve of 15 cats with RGM infection had available follow-up; 4 of these cats achieved remission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most prevalent RGM species isolated from cats from northern California are M smegmatis and M fortuitum. Susceptibility to prescribed antimicrobials does not appear to guarantee treatment success. Combination drug treatment is recommended. Repeat culture and susceptibility testing should be performed when disease is persistent\/relapsing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T20:41:16Z","timestamp":1608583276000},"page":"273-283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Feline mycobacterial disease in northern California: Epidemiology, clinical features, and antimicrobial susceptibility"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3899-5915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J. L.","family":"Munro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"The Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Werribee, Victoria,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis Department of Pathology, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane E.","family":"Sykes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020922103450200_jvim16013-bib-0001","first-page":"1075","article-title":"Tuberculosis in humans and animals: an overview","volume":"14","author":"LoBue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2026020922103450200_jvim16013-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.02.014","article-title":"Feline mycobacterial infections","volume":"201","author":"Gunn-Moore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922103450200_jvim16013-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2011.07.012","article-title":"Mycobacterial disease in cats in Great Britain: I. 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