{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:00:39Z","timestamp":1791846039333,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1859,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]],"date-time":"2020-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Pty Ltd"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001794","name":"The University of Queensland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diagnosis of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is problematic because of large variations in ACTH concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compare the test characteristics of baseline and post\u2013thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation plasma ACTH concentrations in horses using diagnostic cutoff values (DCOVs) and reference intervals (RIs) and determine the clinical consequences of using each method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred six mature horses: 72 control cases and 34 PPID cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective case-controlled study. Horses underwent monthly TRH stimulation tests. Diagnostic cutoff values were determined monthly by receiver operating characteristic curves using the Youden index. Reference intervals were determined monthly by a robust method. For each case age, sex and body condition score (BCS) were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline ACTH concentrations varied by month (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) with significant \u201cmonth\u2009\u00d7\u2009age\u201d (P = .003), \u201cmonth\u2009\u00d7\u2009sex\u201d (P = .003), and \u201cmonth\u2009\u00d7\u2009BCS\u201d (P = .007) effects. Baseline ACTH concentrations were accurate to diagnose PPID (0.91\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06) with DCOVs increasing the test sensitivity (0.61\u2009\u00b1\u20090.21 to 0.87\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05, P = .002) and RI increasing test specificity (0.85\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12 to 0.98\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01, P = .01). Thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation improved test accuracy (0.91\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06 to 0.97\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03, P = .004).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ACTH concentrations follow a circannual rhythm and vary with physiological factors. As using DCOVs increases the ability to detect mild cases and using RI decreases the risk of unnecessary treatments, ACTH concentrations should be interpreted within a specific clinical context. The TRH stimulation test improves the diagnosis of PPID.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,25]],"date-time":"2020-12-25T04:53:32Z","timestamp":1608872012000},"page":"560-570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Clinical implications of using adrenocorticotropic hormone diagnostic cutoffs or reference intervals to diagnose pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in mature horses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6064-4436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Remona","family":"Horn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland , Gatton, Queensland,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2464-3954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison J.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland , Gatton, Queensland,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen V.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland , Gatton, Queensland,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth L.","family":"Dryburgh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Pty Ltd , North Ryde, New South Wales,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2048-8165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos E.","family":"Medina-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland , Gatton, Queensland,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2820-8431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois-Ren\u00e9","family":"Bertin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland , Gatton, Queensland,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2012.00578.x","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors and clinical signs predictive for equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in aged horses","volume":"45","author":"McGowan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.03.002","article-title":"Epidemiology of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: a systematic literature review of clinical presentation, disease prevalence and risk factors","volume":"235","author":"Ireland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985815608674","article-title":"What's new in old horses? Postmortem diagnoses in mature and aged equids","volume":"53","author":"Miller","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13041","article-title":"Factors associated with survival, laminitis and insulin dysregulation in horses diagnosed with equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction","volume":"51","author":"Horn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00932.x","article-title":"Diagnostic frequency, response to therapy, and long-term prognosis among horses and ponies with pituitary par intermedia dysfunction, 1993-2004","volume":"26","author":"Rohrbach","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0739(02)00018-4","article-title":"Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: equine Cushing's disease","volume":"18","author":"Schott","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.45-1-26","article-title":"Correlation of pituitary histomorphometry with adrenocorticotrophic hormone response to domperidone administration in the diagnosis of equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction","volume":"45","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.2055","article-title":"Agreement in histologic assessments of the pituitary pars intermedia in aged horses","volume":"66","author":"McFarlane","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1570425","article-title":"The effect of social stress on adrenal axis activity in horses: the importance of monitoring corticosteroid-binding globulin capacity","volume":"157","author":"Alexander","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1160325","article-title":"Effect of isolation stress on concentrations of arginine vasopressin, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and ACTH in the pituitary venous effluent of the normal horse","volume":"116","author":"Alexander","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-1-65","article-title":"The effect of acute exercise on the secretion of corticotropin-releasing factor, arginine vasopressin, and adrenocorticotropin as measured in pituitary venous blood from the horse","volume":"128","author":"Alexander","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00444.x","article-title":"Circannual variation in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations in the UK in normal horses and ponies, and those with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction","volume":"44","author":"Copas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2017.10.005","article-title":"Effect of dietary carbohydrates and time of year on ACTH and cortisol concentrations in adult and aged horses","volume":"63","author":"Jacob","year":"2018","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15620","article-title":"Cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations in horses with systemic inflammatory response syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Stewart","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.231.3.417","article-title":"Adrenocorticotropin concentration following administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in healthy horses and those with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and pituitary gland hyperplasia","volume":"231","author":"Beech","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb01816.x","article-title":"Evaluation of the combined dexamethasone suppression\/thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test for detection of pars intermedia pituitary adenomas in horses","volume":"20","author":"Frank","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15617","article-title":"Evaluation of combined testing to simultaneously diagnose pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and insulin dysregulation in horses","volume":"33","author":"Horn","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2014.02.004","article-title":"Influence of feeding status, time of the day, and season on baseline adrenocorticotropic hormone and the response to thyrotropin releasing hormone-stimulation test in healthy horses","volume":"48","author":"Diez de Castro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.0712.x","article-title":"Seasonal changes in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in normal, aged horses","volume":"25","author":"Funk","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.74.12.1506","article-title":"Short-term effect of ovariectomy on measures of insulin sensitivity and response to dexamethasone administration in horses","volume":"74","author":"Bertin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12053","article-title":"Seasonal and annual influence on insulin and cortisol results from overnight dexamethasone suppression tests in normal ponies and ponies predisposed to laminitis","volume":"45","author":"Borer-Weir","year":"2013","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.238.10.1305","article-title":"Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropin concentrations in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone and comparison with adrenocorticotropin concentration after domperidone administration in healthy horses and horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction","volume":"238","author":"Beech","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.235.6.715","article-title":"Evaluation of plasma ACTH, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, and insulin concentrations during various photoperiods in clinically normal horses and ponies and those with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction","volume":"235","author":"Beech","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2012.05.005","article-title":"Circadian and circannual rhythms of cortisol, ACTH, and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in healthy horses","volume":"43","author":"Cordero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02685.x","article-title":"Variation in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration and dexamethasone suppression test results with season, age, and sex in healthy ponies and horses","volume":"19","author":"Donaldson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2012.00575.x","article-title":"Evaluation of basal plasma alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotrophic hormone concentrations for the diagnosis of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction from a population of aged horses","volume":"45","author":"TW","year":"2013","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14782","article-title":"The effect of geographic location on circannual adrenocorticotropic hormone plasma concentrations in horses in Australia","volume":"31","author":"Secombe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1996.tb02016.x","article-title":"Plasma adrenocorticotropin concentration in healthy horses and in horses with clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism","volume":"10","author":"Couetil","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12744","article-title":"Re: Recommendations from the Australian and New Zealand Equine Endocrine Group and the interpretation of plasma endogenous ACTH concentrations for the diagnosis of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID)","volume":"96","author":"Secombe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13022","article-title":"Circannual variation in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations and dexamethasone suppression test results in Standardbred horses, Andalusian horses and mixed-breed ponies","volume":"98","author":"Bamford","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.07.008","article-title":"Circannual variability in adrenocorticotropic hormone responses to administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in clinically normal horses in Australia","volume":"238","author":"Byrne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15771","article-title":"The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on determination of immunoreactive plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone concentrations in horses","volume":"34","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01826.x","article-title":"Relationship between condition score, physical measurements and body fat percentage in mares","volume":"15","author":"Henneke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12006","article-title":"ASVCP reference interval guidelines: determination of de novo reference intervals in veterinary species and other related topics","volume":"41","author":"Friedrichs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66422-7","article-title":"Refining clinical diagnosis with likelihood ratios","volume":"365","author":"Grimes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3287615","article-title":"Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems","volume":"240","author":"Swets","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1006\/gcen.1994.1189","article-title":"Seasonal changes in body mass, insulin, and glucocorticoids of free-living golden-mantled ground squirrels","volume":"96","author":"Boswell","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1975.36.12.1705","article-title":"Equine serum lipids: serum lipids and glucose in Morgan and Thoroughbred horses and Shetland ponies","volume":"36","author":"Robie","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12743","article-title":"Recommendations from the Australian and New Zealand Equine Endocrine Group and the interpretation of plasma endogenous ACTH concentrations for the diagnosis of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID)","volume":"96","author":"McGowan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5208","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-6329","article-title":"Response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to stimulation tests before and after exercise training in old and young Standardbred mares","volume":"91","author":"Liburt","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.2746\/0425164044877215","article-title":"Biochemical indices of vascular function, glucose metabolism and oxidative stress in horses with equine Cushing's disease","volume":"36","author":"Keen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2005.01277.x","article-title":"Nitration and increased alpha-synuclein expression associated with dopaminergic neurodegeneration in equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction","volume":"17","author":"McFarlane","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2004.00507.x","article-title":"Peripartal endocrinology in the mare and foetus","volume":"39","author":"Ousey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1440271","article-title":"Ontogeny and ultradian rhythms of adrenocorticotropin and cortisol in the late-gestation fetal horse","volume":"144","author":"Cudd","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0045","first-page":"97","article-title":"Production of corticotrophin releasing hormone by the sheep placenta in vivo","volume":"11","author":"Jones","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Dev Physiol"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1430455","article-title":"Horse plasma corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH): characterisation and lack of a late gestational rise or a plasma CRH-binding protein","volume":"143","author":"Ellis","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.1469","article-title":"Correlation between plasma alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone concentration and body mass index in healthy horses","volume":"65","author":"Donaldson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/37016","article-title":"Melanocortin receptors in leptin effects","volume":"390","author":"Seeley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2005.05.002","article-title":"Adiponectin and leptin are related to fat mass in horses","volume":"172","author":"Kearns","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod63.1.335","article-title":"Photoperiodic versus metabolic signals as determinants of seasonal anestrus in the mare","volume":"63","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15403","article-title":"Evaluation of an HMGA2 variant for pleiotropic effects on height and metabolic traits in ponies","volume":"33","author":"Norton","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1994.204.04.627","article-title":"Diagnostic testing for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses","volume":"204","author":"Dybdal","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2005.07.005","article-title":"Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone release in response to thyrotropin releasing hormone in healthy horses, horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and equine pars intermedia explants","volume":"30","author":"McFarlane","year":"2006","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197507312930513","article-title":"Letter: Nomogram for Bayes theorem","volume":"293","author":"Fagan","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.2746\/0425164044877288","article-title":"Serum insulin concentrations in horses with equine Cushing's syndrome: response to a cortisol inhibitor and prognostic value","volume":"36","author":"McGowan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12963","article-title":"Association between hyperinsulinaemia and laminitis severity at the time of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction diagnosis","volume":"51","author":"Tadros","year":"2019","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922085038100_jvim16017-bib-0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2014.01.016","article-title":"Determination of pergolide in horse plasma by UPLC-MS\/MS for pharmacokinetic applications","volume":"94","author":"Jacobson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvim.16017","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvim.16017","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/35\/1\/560\/66649984\/jvim16017.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/35\/1\/560\/66649984\/jvim16017.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T03:16:25Z","timestamp":1770693385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/35\/1\/560\/8446801"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.16017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}