{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T16:26:16Z","timestamp":1770827176382,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1859,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,9]],"date-time":"2021-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A 3-month-old male cross-breed dog presented with signs of progressive diffuse brain disease. Noncommunicating congenital hydrocephalus concurrent with cervical syringomyelia was diagnosed on magnetic resonance images. On time-spatial labeling inversion pulse (Time-SLIP) images CSF flow through the mesencephalic aqueduct was poorly defined and there was flow into the syrinx across the craniocervical junction. After percutaneous ventricular drainage and ventriculoperitoneal shunting, CSF flow through the aqueduct was clearly detected and flow into the syrinx disappeared. In addition, CSF flow in the subarachnoid space at the pons and ventral aspect of the cervical subarachnoid space was restored. Signs of neurological dysfunction improved after ventriculoperitoneal shunting and the cerebral parenchyma was increased in thickness on 2-year follow-up computed tomography images. Patterns of CSF flow on Time-SLIP images before and after CSF drainage or ventriculoperitoneal shunting aid in clarifying disease pathogenesis and confirm effects of CSF drainage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T17:49:51Z","timestamp":1610646591000},"page":"490-496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cerebrospinal fluid flow on time-spatial labeling inversion pulse images before and after treatment of congenital hydrocephalus in a dog"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3671-1889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisuke","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Neurology , Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource, Nihon University, Kanagawa,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chieko","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Neurology , Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource, Nihon University, Kanagawa,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nick D.","family":"Jeffery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science , Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Texas,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Veterinary Neurology , Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource, Nihon University, Kanagawa,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0001","first-page":"78","article-title":"Veterinary Neuroanatomy and Clinical Neurology","author":"de Lahunta","year":"2015","edition":"4"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1979.40.03.411","article-title":"Epizootiologic features of canine hydrocephalus","volume":"40","author":"Selby","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(96)50108-7","article-title":"Hydrocephalus","volume":"26","author":"Harrington","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.7.948","article-title":"Outcome of ventriculoperitoneal shunt implantation for treatment of congenital internal hydrocephalus in dogs and cats: 36 cases (2001-2009)","volume":"242","author":"Biel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2011.00832.x","article-title":"Treatment of hydrocephalus with ventriculoperitoneal shunting in twelve dogs","volume":"40","author":"Shihab","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00764.x","article-title":"Surgical technique, postoperative complications and outcome in 14 dogs treated for hydrocephalus by ventriculoperitoneal shunting","volume":"40","author":"de Stefani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15468","article-title":"Association between improvement of clinical signs and decrease of ventricular volume after ventriculoperitoneal shunting in dogs with internal hydrocephalus","volume":"33","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15422","article-title":"Complications associated with ventriculoperitoneal shunts in dogs and cats with idiopathic hydrocephalus: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Gradner","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01886668","article-title":"Temporary external valve drainage in hydrocephalus with increased ventricular fluid pressure (experiences with 202 cases)","volume":"33","author":"Pertuiset","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01407084","article-title":"Clinical value of percutaneous needle trephination (PNT)","volume":"54","author":"Moringlane","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01406623","article-title":"Ventricle puncture for external CSF drainage and pressure measurement using a modified puncture needle","volume":"94","author":"Hassler","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s101430050035","article-title":"The scientific history of hydrocephalus and its treatment","volume":"22","author":"Aschoff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1159\/000070872","article-title":"The first description of a device for repeated external ventricular drainage in the treatment of congenital hydrocephalus, invented in 1744 by Claude-Nicolas Le Cat","volume":"39","author":"Kompanje","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-019-00802-8","article-title":"Predictors of ventriculoperitoneal shunting following subarachnoid hemorrhage treated with external ventricular drainage","volume":"32","author":"Akinduro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4103\/jpn.JPN_58_19","article-title":"Acute hydrocephalus in a case of mumps meningoencephalitis: a rare occurrence","volume":"15","author":"Mehta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Neurosci"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4103\/ajns.AJNS_292_19","article-title":"Freehand insertion of external ventricular drainage catheter: evaluation of accuracy in a single center","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1159\/000501530","article-title":"Effectiveness of combined external ventricular drainage with intraventricular fibrinolysis for the treatment of intraventricular haemorrhage with acute obstructive hydrocephalus","volume":"9","author":"Luong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis Extra"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.01.028","article-title":"CSF tap test\u2014obsolete or appropriate test for predicting shunt responsiveness? A systemic review","volume":"362","author":"Mihalj","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.15274\/NRJ-2014-10045","article-title":"Assessment of cerebrospinal fluid flow patterns using the time-spatial labeling inversion pulse technique with 3T MRI: early clinical experiences","volume":"27","author":"Abe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroradiol J"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2492071985","article-title":"Visualization of cerebrospinal fluid movement with spin labeling at MR imaging: preliminary results in normal and pathophysiologic conditions","volume":"249","author":"Yamada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.01.039","article-title":"Use of a spin-labeled cerebrospinal fluid magnetic resonance imaging technique to demonstrate successful endoscopic fenestration of an enlarging symptomatic cavum septi pellucidi","volume":"80","author":"Yamada","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-10-36","article-title":"Influence of respiration on cerebrospinal fluid movement using magnetic resonance spin labeling","volume":"10","author":"Yamada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4030","article-title":"Current and emerging MR imaging techniques for the diagnosis and management of CSF flow disorders: a review of phase-contrast and time-spatial labeling inversion pulse","volume":"36","author":"Yamada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13106","article-title":"T-SLIP' MRI imaging of cerebrospinal fluid flow through the mesencephalic aqueduct","volume":"61","author":"Ito","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2003.tb00532.x","article-title":"Relationship among basilar artery resistance index, degree of ventriculomegaly, and clinical signs in hydrocephalic dogs","volume":"44","author":"Saito","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1995.56.11.1475","article-title":"Pathologic effects in brain after intracranial pressure monitoring in clinically normal dogs, using a fiberoptic monitoring system","volume":"56","author":"Bagley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/204290a0","article-title":"Movement of the cerebrospinal fluid in human beings","volume":"204","author":"Di Chiro","year":"1964","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0028","first-page":"77","article-title":"MR-gated intracranial CSF dynamics: evaluation of CSF pulsatile flow","volume":"10","author":"Njemanze","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2016.01.001","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and the pathophysiology of hydrocephalus: new concepts","volume":"37","author":"Yamada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MR"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2009.09.008","article-title":"Hydrocephalus in dogs and cats","volume":"40","author":"Thomas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0031","first-page":"589","article-title":"Spinal Cord and Meninges","author":"Evans","year":"2013","edition":"4"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2754-16.2017","article-title":"Identification of the upward movement of human CSF in vivo and its relation to the brain venous system","volume":"37","author":"Dreha-Kulaczewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0033","first-page":"141","article-title":"Practical Guide to Canine and Feline Neurology","author":"Dewey","year":"2015","edition":"3"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2009.01532.x","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid signal-void sign in dogs","volume":"50","author":"Scrivani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222725","article-title":"Intraoperative measurement of intraventricular pressure in dogs with communicating internal hydrocephalus","volume":"14","author":"Kolecka","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.07.014","article-title":"An update on the pathogenesis of syringomyelia secondary to Chiari-like malformations in dogs","volume":"198","author":"Driver","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.28.3.247","article-title":"Hydrodynamic mechanism of syringomyelia: its relationship to myelocele","volume":"28","author":"Gardner","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psych"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688007301109","article-title":"On the pathologenesis of syringomyelia: a review","volume":"73","author":"Williams","year":"1980","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.148.2.381","article-title":"The MR appearance of syringomyelia: new observations","volume":"148","author":"Sherman","year":"1987","journal-title":"AJR"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0040","first-page":"886","article-title":"Caudal occipital malformation syndrome in dogs","volume":"26","author":"Dewey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet"},{"key":"2026020922105041900_jvim16020-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2007.00344.x","article-title":"Syringomyelia in cavalier King Charles spaniels: the relationship between syrinx dimensions and pain","volume":"48","author":"Rusbridge","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvim.16020","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvim.16020","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/35\/1\/490\/66649711\/jvim16020.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/35\/1\/490\/66649711\/jvim16020.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T03:20:30Z","timestamp":1770693630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/35\/1\/490\/8446755"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.16020","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}