{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:52:06Z","timestamp":1791942726402,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1800,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020968","name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health GmBH","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["4192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment is indicated in dogs with preclinical degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) and cardiomegaly (stage B2). This is best diagnosed using echocardiography; however, relying upon this limits access to accurate diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate whether cardiac biomarker concentrations can be used alongside other clinical data to identify stage B2 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Client-owned dogs (n = 1887) with preclinical DMVD prospectively sampled in Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dogs that met inclusion criteria and were not receiving pimobendan (n = 1245) were used for model development. Explanatory (multivariable logistic regression) and predictive models were developed using clinical observations, biochemistry, and cardiac biomarker concentrations, with echocardiographically confirmed stage B2 disease as the outcome. Receiver operating characteristic curves assessed the ability to identify stage B2 dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age, appetite, serum alanine aminotransferase activity, body condition, serum creatinine concentration, murmur intensity, and plasma N-terminal propeptide of B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentration were independently associated with the likelihood of being stage B2. The discriminatory ability of this explanatory model (area under curve [AUC], 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-0.87) was superior to NT-proBNP (AUC, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.74-0.80) or the vertebral heart score alone (AUC, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.69-0.83). A predictive logistic regression model could identify the probability of being stage B2 (AUC test set, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.81-0.91).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicate accessible measurements could be used to screen dogs with preclinical DMVD. Encouraging at-risk dogs to seek further evaluation could result in a greater proportion of cases being appropriately managed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T05:07:44Z","timestamp":1614575264000},"page":"755-770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Accuracy of history, physical examination, cardiac biomarkers, and biochemical variables in identifying dogs with stage B2 degenerative mitral valve disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9709-5135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny","family":"Wilshaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College, University of London Department of Clinical Science and Services, , London,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven L.","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CVCA Cardiac Care for Pets , Towson, Maryland,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6634-8072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerhard","family":"Wess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich , Munich,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6021-5570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dave","family":"Dickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HeartVets , Porthcawl,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Bevilacqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stamford Veterinary Centre , Lincolnshire,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7803-4038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Dutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cheshire Cardiology , Cheshire,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Deinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fachtierarztpraxis Am Sandpfad , Wiesloch,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Abrantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RA Kardiologie , Muehlheim am Main,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tierarzt Ingo Schneider , Nidderau,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5218-9226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark A.","family":"Oyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7733-7662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonya G.","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4517-6590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College, University of London Department of Comparative Biomedical Science, , London,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4571-2776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Support Office, Royal Veterinary College, University of London , London,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1795-4364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Boswood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College, University of London Department of Clinical Science and Services, , London,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303060798000_jvim16083-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-46-121","article-title":"Mortality in over 350,000 insured Swedish dogs from 1995-2000: II. 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