{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T16:54:37Z","timestamp":1770224077140,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1739,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Shaking puppy syndrome is commonly attributed to abnormal myelination of the central nervous system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report the long-term clinical course and the imaging characteristics of hypomyelinating leukodystrophy in German Shepherd dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three related litters with 11 affected dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 11 affected dogs experienced coarse, side-to-side tremors of the head and trunk, which interfered with normal goal-oriented movements and disappeared at rest. Signs were noticed shortly after birth. Nine dogs were euthanized, 3 dogs underwent pathological examination, and 2 littermates were raised by their breeder. Tremors improved gradually until 6 to 7 months of age. Adult dogs walked with severe residual pelvic limb ataxia. One dog developed epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizures at 15\u2009months of age. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed homogenous hyperintense signal of the entire subcortical white matter in 3 affected 7-week-old dogs and a hypointense signal in a presumably unaffected littermate. Subcortical white matter appeared isointense to gray matter at 15 and 27\u2009weeks of age on repeated MRI. Abnormal white matter signal with failure to display normal gray-white matter contrast persisted into adulthood. Cerebellar arbor vitae was not visible at any time point. Clinical signs, MRI findings, and pathological examinations were indicative of a hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. All parents of the affected litters shared a common ancestor and relatedness of the puppies suggested an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We describe a novel hypomyelinating leukodystrophy in German Shepherd dogs with a suspected inherited origin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T07:03:36Z","timestamp":1616051016000},"page":"1455-1465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A hypomyelinating leukodystrophy in German Shepherd dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Pia R.","family":"Quitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich , Munich,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Br\u00fchschwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich , Munich,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaspar","family":"Matiasek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Clinical and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich , Munich,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3113-5659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franziska","family":"Wielaender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich , Munich,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veera","family":"Karkamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Production and Companion Animal Pathology Section, Finnish Food Authority , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marjo K.","family":"Hyt\u00f6nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"University of Helsinki Department of Veterinary Biosciences, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Meyer-Lindenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich , Munich,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Berett","family":"Dengler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich , Munich,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0553-4880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tosso","family":"Leeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern , Bern,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannes","family":"Lohi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Helsinki Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"University of Helsinki Department of Veterinary Biosciences, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7094-1947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich , Munich,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2015.01.006","article-title":"Case definition and classification of leukodystrophies and leukoencephalopathies","volume":"114","author":"Vanderver","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1739-1","article-title":"Leukodystrophies: a proposed classification system based on pathological changes and pathogenetic mechanisms","volume":"134","author":"Van der Knaap","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1987.tb01981.x","article-title":"Abnormalities of myelination of the central nervous system associated with congenital tremor","volume":"1","author":"Duncan","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00688049","article-title":"Tremors in Samoyed pups with oligodendrocyte deficiencies and hypomyelination","volume":"71","author":"Cummings","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.120.26.609","article-title":"Recognition of 'trembler', a hypomyelinating condition in the Bernese mountain dog","volume":"120","author":"Palmer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(81)90154-4","article-title":"Shaking pups: a disorder of central myelination in the Spaniel dog. Part 1. Clinical, genetic and light-microscopical observations","volume":"50","author":"Griffiths","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00687272","article-title":"Hypomyelination in Weimaraner dogs","volume":"72","author":"Kornegay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2010.00997.x","article-title":"Hypomyelination in three Weimaraner dogs","volume":"51","author":"Mill\u00e1n","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1984.tb03428.x","article-title":"Tremor syndrome and hypomyelination in Lurcher pups","volume":"25","author":"Mayhew","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00690359","article-title":"Dysmyelination of the central nervous system in the Chow-Chow dog","volume":"42","author":"Vandevelde","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22582","article-title":"A mutation in the canine gene encoding folliculin-interacting protein 2 (FNIP2) associated with a unique disruption in spinal cord myelination","volume":"62","author":"Pemberton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.110.2.529","article-title":"A point mutation in the proteolipid protein gene of the 'shaking pup' interrupts oligodendrocyte development","volume":"110","author":"Nadon","year":"1990","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2011.00873.x","article-title":"A novel spongiform leukoencephalomyelopathy in Border Terrier puppies","volume":"26","author":"Martin-Vaquero","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.105240","article-title":"Spongiform leucoencephalomyelopathy in border terriers: clinical, electrophysiological and imaging features","volume":"185","author":"Gutierrez-Quintana","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.116.038455","article-title":"A missense variant in KCNJ10 in Belgian Shepherd dogs affected by spongy degeneration with cerebellar ataxia (SDCA1)","volume":"7","author":"Mauri","year":"2017","journal-title":"G3"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1534\/g3.117.043018","article-title":"A SINE insertion in ATP1B2 in Belgian Shepherd dogs affected by spongy degeneration with cerebellar ataxia (SDCA2)","volume":"7","author":"Mauri","year":"2017","journal-title":"G3"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008411","article-title":"TSEN54 missense variant in Standard Schnauzers with leukodystrophy","volume":"15","author":"St\u00f6rk","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3169","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01582-09","article-title":"Leukoencephalopathy associated with parvovirus infection in Cretan hound puppies","volume":"48","author":"Schaudien","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24194","article-title":"Hypomyelinating leukodystrophies: translational research progress and prospects","volume":"76","author":"Pouwels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.10.022","article-title":"Reprint of \u201cHypomyelinating disorders: an MRI approach\u201d","volume":"92","author":"Barkovich","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0068.x","article-title":"A novel leukoencephalomyelopathy of Leonberger dogs","volume":"22","author":"Oevermann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-57","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging and genetic investigation of a case of rottweiler leukoencephalomyelopathy","volume":"9","author":"Hirschvogel","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1998.tb03741.x","article-title":"MRI and electrophysiological abnormalities in a case or canine globoid cell leucodystrophy","volume":"39","author":"Cozzi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.06.067","article-title":"High b-value and diffusion tensor imaging in a canine model of dysmyelination and brain maturation","volume":"58","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.05.077","article-title":"Quantitative MR imaging of two-pool magnetization transfer model parameters in myelin mutant shaking pup","volume":"62","author":"Samsonov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2010.01681.x","article-title":"Normal canine brain maturation at magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"51","author":"Gross","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2017.00241","article-title":"Caudal Fossa ratio in normal dogs and Eurasier dogs with VLDLR-associated genetic cerebellar hypoplasia","volume":"4","author":"Lauda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8261.2009.01655.x","article-title":"Development of a morphometric magnetic resonance image parameter suitable for distinguishing between normal dogs and dogs with cerebellar atrophy","volume":"51","author":"Thames","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Radiol Ultrasound"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0467-9","article-title":"International veterinary epilepsy task force recommendations for systematic sampling and processing of brains from epileptic dogs and cats","volume":"11","author":"Matiasek","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2017.00219","article-title":"Hyperintensity of cerebrospinal fluid on T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging caused by high inspired oxygen fraction","volume":"4","author":"Moioli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/age.12834","article-title":"A comprehensive biomedical variant catalogue based on whole genome sequences of 582 dogs and eight wolves","volume":"50","author":"Jagannathan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim Genet"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0032","first-page":"509","article-title":"Uncontrolled Involuntary Skeletal Muscle Contractions","author":"DeLahunta","year":"2015","edition":"4"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.12.023","article-title":"Modeling the natural history of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease","volume":"75","author":"Mayer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440511","article-title":"Myelin mosaicism and brain plasticity in heterozygous females of a canine X-linked trait","volume":"44","author":"Cuddon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0387-7604(95)00028-A","article-title":"Neurophysiological study in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease","volume":"7604","author":"Nezu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8884-x","article-title":"Auditory function in Pelizaeus\u2013Merzbacher disease","volume":"265","author":"Morlet","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-007-0462-9","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging protocols for paediatric neuroradiology","volume":"37","author":"Saunders","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30029","article-title":"Genetic disorders affecting white matter in the pediatric age","volume":"129B","author":"Di Rocco","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000343049.00540.c8","article-title":"Invited article: an MRI-based approach to the diagnosis of white matter disorders","volume":"72","author":"Schiffmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2020.04.007","article-title":"Solving the hypomyelination conundrum - imaging perspectives","volume":"27","author":"Malik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/250197","article-title":"Serial MRI features of canine GM1 gangliosidosis: a possible imaging biomarker for diagnosis and progression of the disease","volume":"2012","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0393-x","article-title":"Alexander disease in a dog: case presentation of electrodiagnostic, magnetic resonance imaging and histopathologic findings with review of literature","volume":"11","author":"Wrzosek","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12284","article-title":"Selective intestinal cobalamin malabsorption with proteinuria (Imerslund-Gr\u00e4sbeck syndrome) in juvenile Beagles","volume":"28","author":"Fyfe","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2013.05.006","article-title":"An exon 53 frameshift mutation in CUBN abrogates cubam function and causes Imerslund-Gr\u00e4sbeck syndrome in dogs","volume":"109","author":"Fyfe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2015.04.019","article-title":"Method for the determination of ammonium in cigarette tobacco using ion chromatography","volume":"72","author":"Watson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2007.tb02951.x","article-title":"Transient hyperammonemia due to urea cycle enzyme deficiency in Irish wolfhounds","volume":"21","author":"Zandvliet","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22375","article-title":"Two novel CPS1 mutations in a case of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency causing hyperammonemia and leukodystrophy","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15144","article-title":"Saccadic oscillations in 4 dogs and 1 cat","volume":"32","author":"Ives","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0049","article-title":"Inferior cerebellar hypoplasia resembling a Dandy-Walker-like malformation in purebred Eurasier dogs with familial non-progressive ataxia: a retrospective and prospective clinical cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Bernardino","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1991.00530130099026","article-title":"Nystagmus of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. A magnetic search-coil study","volume":"48","author":"Trobe","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2012.11.014","article-title":"Pendular nystagmus in hypomyelinating leukodystrophy","volume":"20","author":"Bassani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2014.12.433","article-title":"Consensus statement on preventive and symptomatic care of leukodystrophy patients","volume":"114","author":"Van Haren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1306388","article-title":"Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease 1, and related hypomyelinating disorders","volume":"32","author":"Hobson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200101000-00006","article-title":"Epileptic seizures and electroencephalographic evolution in genetic leukodystrophies","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0463-0","article-title":"International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force's current understanding of idiopathic epilepsy of genetic or suspected genetic origin in purebred dogs","volume":"11","author":"H\u00fclsmeyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020303062919700_jvim16085-bib-0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5818","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-23938-7","article-title":"Canine NAPEPLD-associated models of human myelin disorders","volume":"8","author":"Minor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvim.16085","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvim.16085","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/35\/3\/1455\/66652926\/jvim16085.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/35\/3\/1455\/66652926\/jvim16085.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T08:07:06Z","timestamp":1770106026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/35\/3\/1455\/8447074"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.16085","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}