{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:08:14Z","timestamp":1792040894267,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1739,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1605554-DOMAIN 8: RFTOP 2016-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1605554-DOMAIN 8: RFTOP 2016-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1605554\u2010DOMAIN 8: RFTOP 2016\u20108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1605554\u2010DOMAIN 8: RFTOP 2016\u20108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combatting antimicrobial resistance requires a One Health approach to antimicrobial stewardship including antimicrobial drug (AMD) use evaluation. Current veterinary AMD prescribing data are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To quantify companion animal AMD prescribing in primary care and specialty practice across 3 academic veterinary hospitals with particular focus on third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dogs and cats presented to 3 academic veterinary hospitals from 2012 to 2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective study, AMD prescribing data from 2012 to 2017 were extracted from electronic medical records at each hospital and prescriptions classified by service type: primary care, specialty practice or Emergency\/Critical Care (ECC). Hospital-level AMD prescribing data were summarized by species, service type, AMD class, and drug. Multivariable logistic full-factorial regression models were used to estimate hospital, year, species, and service-type effects on AMD prescribing. Estimated marginal means and confidence intervals were plotted over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The probability of systemic AMD prescribing for any indication ranged between 0.15 and 0.28 and was higher for dogs than cats (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05) apart from 2017 at hospital 1. Animals presented to primary care were least likely to receive AMDs (dogs 0.03-0.15, cats 0.03-0.18). The most commonly prescribed AMD classes were aminopenicillins\/\u03b2-lactamase inhibitors (0.02-0.15), first-generation cephalosporins (0.00-0.09), fluoroquinolones (0.00-0.04), nitroimidazoles (0.01-0.06), and tetracyclines (0.00-0.03). Among the highest priority classes, fluoroquinolones (dogs 0.00-0.09, cats 0.00-0.08) and third-generation cephalosporins (dogs 0.00-0.04, cats 0.00-0.05) were most frequently prescribed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antimicrobial drug prescribing frequencies were comparable to previous studies. Additional stewardship efforts might focus on fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,4]],"date-time":"2021-05-04T08:41:14Z","timestamp":1620117674000},"page":"1496-1508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Patterns of antimicrobial drug use in veterinary primary care and specialty practice: A 6-year multi-institution study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7446-6987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Goggs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Ithaca, New York,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie M.","family":"Menard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Ithaca, New York,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Altier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, , Ithaca, New York,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin J.","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, , Ithaca, New York,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan E.","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denise F.","family":"Lalonde-Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Ithaca, New York,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7591-7898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark G.","family":"Papich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keri N.","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, , College Station, Texas,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia R.","family":"Fajt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, , College Station, Texas,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. 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