{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:59:18Z","timestamp":1792065558768,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1678,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the influence of copper ([Cu]) on chronic hepatitis (CH) has been widely studied in dogs, little information is available about the accumulation of other metals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed the concentration of lead ([Pb]) in the livers of dogs with CH with or without abnormal hepatic [Cu] to establish if any association existed between [Pb] and either hematologic or biochemical variables, fibrosis, necrosis and inflammation of the liver on histology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-four dogs with CH that had hepatic [Cu] and [Pb] determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective review of medical records of dogs with CH and hepatic [Cu] and [Pb]. Chronic hepatitis was defined using current American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement guidelines. Hepatic [Cu] and [Pb] were determined using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Dogs were divided into 2 groups based on [Cu]: &amp;lt;400\u2009ppm (LoCu) and \u2265400\u2009ppm (HiCu).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median [Cu] and [Pb] were 357\u2009ppm (range, 100-7743\u2009ppm) and 58.7 (range, 6.89-224.4\u00a0ppm), respectively. Nineteen dogs had LoCu and 15 dogs had HiCu. Median [Pb] was significantly higher in HiCu compared to LoCu dogs (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). Hepatic [Pb] and [Cu] were significantly correlated (rho\u00a0=\u00a00.7; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). Dogs with microcytosis had higher [Pb] than did dogs with normal red cell volume (P\u00a0=\u00a0.02). Hepatic [Pb] was not correlated with either necroinflammatory or fibrosis scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although additional studies are needed to better understand the clinical role of hepatic [Pb], dogs with abnormal hepatic [Cu] may also have higher hepatic [Pb]. In addition, in dogs with high hepatic [Pb], microcytosis may be present.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T04:40:18Z","timestamp":1621658418000},"page":"1773-1779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Hepatic lead and copper concentrations in dogs with chronic hepatitis and their relationship with hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8612-5573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Gori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pisa Veterinary Teaching Hospital \u201cMario Modenato,\u201d Department of Veterinary Sciences, , Pisa,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9336-5150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Pierini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pisa Veterinary Teaching Hospital \u201cMario Modenato,\u201d Department of Veterinary Sciences, , Pisa,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5672-7856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Meucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pisa Veterinary Teaching Hospital \u201cMario Modenato,\u201d Department of Veterinary Sciences, , Pisa,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4414-4359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Abramo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pisa Veterinary Teaching Hospital \u201cMario Modenato,\u201d Department of Veterinary Sciences, , Pisa,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4653-0624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa V.","family":"Muscatello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Bologna Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, , Bologna,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6099-6223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pisa Veterinary Teaching Hospital \u201cMario Modenato,\u201d Department of Veterinary Sciences, , Pisa,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020922173056400_jvim16149-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2006.tb01798.x","article-title":"Copper-associated chronic hepatitis in Labrador retrievers","volume":"20","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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