{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T17:52:26Z","timestamp":1770745946009,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1678,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001458","name":"American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["02232-MOU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02232-MOU"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001458","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Bailey Wrigley Fund University of California"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001458","name":"American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["02232\u2010MOU"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02232\u2010MOU"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001458","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Norwich terriers are affected by an upper airway syndrome (NTUAS) but little is known about outcome in affected dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine outcome in dogs with NTUAS using owner questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-four client-owned dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At initial assessment, owners were questioned about respiratory noises and exercise tolerance. A NTUAS score was prospectively constructed based on the number and severity of obstructive lesions detected endoscopically (range, 0-25). Owner questionnaires on respiratory noises, exercise tolerance, and quality of life (QOL) were obtained 2.2-9.3\u2009years (median, 4.2\u2009years) after endoscopy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dogs ranged from 0.5 to 10.7\u2009years of age (median, 4.75\u2009years) at initial examination and no correlation was found between age and NTUAS score (median, 13; range, 1-25). Of 5 possible laryngeal abnormalities, 7 dogs had 1-2, 10 dogs had 3, and 17 dogs had 4-5 abnormalities (median, 3.5). Surgery was performed in 15 dogs, which had higher NTUAS scores (18.5\u2009\u00b1\u20096.3) than dogs that did not have surgery (7.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.7, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001). Scores for QOL ranged from 0 to 31 out of 40, with higher scores indicating worse QOL. Owner surveys resulted in QOL scores of \u22643 in 25\/31 dogs (81%), with worse scores in dogs that had surgery performed (median 5, vs 0; P\u00a0=\u00a0.003). No correlation was noted between NTUAS and QOL scores, but age at follow-up was weakly associated with worse QOL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite variable severity of NTUAS scores, owners reported excellent QOL for most Norwich terriers examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T12:50:17Z","timestamp":1622638217000},"page":"1950-1956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Results of owner questionnaires describing long-term outcome in Norwich terriers with upper airway syndrome: 2011-2018"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5331-5626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynelle R.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California\u2014Davis Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp D.","family":"Mayhew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California\u2014Davis Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6132-156X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William T. N.","family":"Culp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California\u2014Davis Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bryden J.","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , East Lansing, Michigan,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0001","first-page":"3","article-title":"Oberes Luftweg-Syndrom beim Norwich Terrier","volume":"19","author":"Dietschi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Swiss Cynological Soc SKG"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12206","article-title":"Upper airway obstruction in Norwich terriers","volume":"27","author":"Johnson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vet Int Med"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1024\/0036-7281\/a000561","article-title":"Comparative investigations on the upper respiratory tract in Norwich terriers, brachycephalic and mesaticephalic dogs","volume":"156","author":"Koch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0004","article-title":"Clinical and laryngoscopic characterization of Norwich terrier upper airway syndrome (NTUAS): preliminary results","author":"Lai"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0005","article-title":"An ADAMTS3 missense variant is associated with Norwich Terrier upper airway syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Marchant","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Genetics"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00057.x","article-title":"Long-term results of upper respiratory syndrome surgery and gastrointestinal tract medical treatment in 51 brachycephalic dogs","volume":"47","author":"Poncet","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00059.x","article-title":"Results of surgical correction of abnormalities associated with brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome in dogs in Australia","volume":"47","author":"Torrez","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.9.1324","article-title":"Surgical correction of brachycephalic syndrome in dogs: 62 cases (1991-2004)","volume":"230","author":"Riecks","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.237.9.1048","article-title":"Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome in dogs: 90 cases (1991-2008)","volume":"237","author":"Fasanella","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2008.09.009","article-title":"Description of original endoscopic findings and respiratory functional assessment using barometric whole-body plethysmography in dogs suffering from brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome","volume":"183","author":"Bernaerts","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12408","article-title":"Brachycephalic airway syndrome: a comparative study between pugs and French bulldogs","volume":"56","author":"Haimel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12763","article-title":"Complications following laryngeal sacculectomy in brachycephalic dogs","volume":"59","author":"Hughes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.100289","article-title":"Medium term endoscopic assessment of the surgical outcome following laryngeal saccule resection in brachycephalic dogs","volume":"170","author":"Cantatore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.226.1864","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a questionnaire for assessing health-related quality of life in dogs with cardiac disease","volume":"226","author":"Freeman","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0015","first-page":"360","article-title":"Collapse of the larynx and adjacent structures in the dog","volume":"137","author":"Leonard","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.7120\/096272812X13345905673809","article-title":"Do dog owners perceive the clinical signs related to conformational inherited disorders as \u201cnormal\u201d for the breed? A potential constraint to improving canine welfare","volume":"21","author":"Packer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim Welf"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0017","article-title":"Characterisation of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in French bulldogs using whole-body barometric plethysmography","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13148","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel: a case series","volume":"49","author":"Hinchcliffe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/S1015-9584(11)60026-2","article-title":"Supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia: who will benefit?","volume":"34","author":"Zainal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818775091","article-title":"Impact of infant supraglottoplasty on quality of life","volume":"159","author":"Vandjelovic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.04.015","article-title":"Characteristics of patients undergoing supraglottoplasty for laryngomalacia","volume":"78","author":"Garritano","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Pediatric Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12608","article-title":"Outcomes and prognostic factors of surgical treatments for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in 3 breeds","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.12903","article-title":"Long-term outcome of permanent tracheostomy in 15 dogs with severe laryngeal collapse secondary to brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome","volume":"47","author":"Gobbetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13933","article-title":"Whole-body barometric plethysmography characterizes upper airway obstruction in 3 brachycephalic breeds dogs","volume":"30","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2016.11.019","article-title":"Comparison of submaximal exercise test results and severity of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in English bulldogs","volume":"219","author":"Lilja-Maula","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.7120\/09627286.28.3.287","article-title":"Assessment of welfare and brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome signs in young, breeding age French bulldogs and pugs, using owner questionnaire, physical examination and walk tests","volume":"28","author":"Aromaa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim Welf"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/vsu.13159","article-title":"Validation of exercise testing and laryngeal auscultation for grading brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome in pugs, French bulldogs, and English bulldogs by using whole-body barometric plethysmography","volume":"48","author":"Riggs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00056.x","article-title":"Laryngeal collapse in seven brachycephalic puppies","volume":"47","author":"Pink","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.5326\/0440082","article-title":"Technique and outcome of nares amputation (Trader's technique) in immature Shih Tzus","volume":"44","author":"Huck","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"2026020922170556900_jvim16180-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.257.7.744","article-title":"Anesthetic risk during subsequent anesthetic events in brachycephalic dogs that have undergone corrective airway surgery: 45 cases (2007-2019)","volume":"257","author":"Doyle","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvim.16180","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvim.16180","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/35\/4\/1950\/66652891\/jvim16180.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/35\/4\/1950\/66652891\/jvim16180.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T03:27:13Z","timestamp":1770694033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/35\/4\/1950\/8447069"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.16180","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}