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Although blood VEGF concentrations have been quantified in intracranial tumors of dogs, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) VEGF concentration might be a more sensitive biomarker of disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Concentrations of VEGF in CSF are higher in dogs with central nervous system (CNS) neoplasia compared to those with meningoencephalomyelitis and other neurologic disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred and twenty-six client-owned dogs presented to a veterinary teaching hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case-control study. Cerebrospinal fluid was archived from dogs diagnosed with CNS neoplasia and meningoencephalomyelitis. Control dogs had other neurological disorders or diseases outside of the CNS. A commercially available kit was used to determine VEGF concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Detectable CSF VEGF concentrations were present in 49\/63 (77.8%) neoplastic samples, 22\/24 (91.7%) inflammatory samples, and 8\/39 (20.5%) control samples. The VEGF concentrations were significantly different between groups (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.0001), and multiple comparison testing showed that both neoplastic and inflammatory groups had significantly higher concentrations than did controls (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05), but did not differ from each other. Gliomas and choroid plexus tumors had significantly higher VEGF concentrations than did the control group (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid VEGF concentrations may serve as a marker of neoplastic and inflammatory CNS disorders relative to other conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T10:28:55Z","timestamp":1623234535000},"page":"1873-1883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with neoplastic or inflammatory central nervous system disorders"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3228-6536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher L.","family":"Mariani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Laboratory, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary E.","family":"Niman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Laboratory, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"MedVet Chicago , Chicago, IL,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsay B.","family":"Boozer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Laboratory, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Friendship Hospital for Animals , Washington, DC,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura K.","family":"Ruterbories","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Neuroimmunology and Neuro-oncology Laboratory, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3399-8500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Early","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9592-6276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen R.","family":"Mu\u00f1ana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1349-3484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha J.","family":"Olby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020922175363800_jvim16181-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/6.1.73","article-title":"Vascular reactions of normal and malignant tissues in vivo. 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