{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T02:13:11Z","timestamp":1776132791056,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1678,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health","award":["K08DK116735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08DK116735"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Concurrent exocrine pancreatic dysfunction and decreased pancreatic organ size are common findings in various stages of human type\u00a01 diabetes mellitus (DM). Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is incompletely described in diabetic dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare canine trypsin-like immunoreactivity (cTLI) of diabetic dogs with that of healthy controls. A secondary aim was to evaluate the correlation between duration of DM and cTLI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty client-owned diabetic dogs and thirty client-owned control dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study. Diabetic and healthy control dogs were included if they had no clinical evidence of pancreatitis and if serum samples obtained after food was withheld were available. Serum cTLI was measured at a reference laboratory and compared between groups. Canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) was analyzed concurrently as an indicator of pancreatitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median cTLI concentration in all diabetic dogs (36.4\u00a0\u03bcg\/L [range, 7.0-288\u2009\u03bcg\/L]) did not differ from control dogs (28.7\u00a0\u03bcg\/L [range, 12.8-58.6\u00a0\u03bcg\/L]) (P\u00a0=\u00a0.07; difference \u22127.8\u00a0\u03bcg\/L [95%\u00a0Confidence Interval (CI), \u221223.5 to 0.6\u00a0\u03bcg\/L]). There was still no difference in cTLI between groups after exclusion of dogs with cPLI consistent with pancreatitis (n\u00a0=\u00a08 diabetic dogs). There was no correlation between cTLI and DM duration in all diabetic dogs (r\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.07, [95% CI, \u22120.43 to 0.3], P\u00a0=\u00a0.7).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was no evidence of EPI as evaluated using cTLI in this cohort of diabetic dogs, but concurrent increases in cPLI suggest cTLI might not be the optimal indicator of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction in dogs with DM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T06:14:55Z","timestamp":1625120095000},"page":"1713-1719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity in dogs with diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Kristen","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3412-0575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison L.","family":"O'Kell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Gainesville, Florida,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0393-4135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Gilor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Gainesville, Florida,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020922171804200_jvim16208-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(02)00242-3","article-title":"Time trends and risk factors for diabetes mellitus in dogs: analysis of veterinary medical data base records (1970\u20131999)","volume":"165","author":"Guptill","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2026020922171804200_jvim16208-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40575-020-00087-7","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus in dogs attending UK primary-care practices: frequency, risk factors and survival","volume":"7","author":"Heeley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Canine Med Genet"},{"key":"2026020922171804200_jvim16208-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"T1","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-14-0202","article-title":"Animal models of disease: classification and etiology of diabetes in dogs and cats","volume":"222","author":"Nelson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026020922171804200_jvim16208-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.16","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"3","author":"Katsarou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2026020922171804200_jvim16208-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.2337\/db16-1551","article-title":"Comparative pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes in humans, NOD mice, and canines: has a valuable animal model of type 1 diabetes been overlooked?","volume":"66","author":"O'Kell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2026020922171804200_jvim16208-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14357","article-title":"What's in a name? 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