{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T14:22:37Z","timestamp":1781792557297,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1616,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Implantable vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) devices can be used to treat epilepsy in dogs. Adverse effects and short-term complications associated with delivering suggested therapeutic electrical stimulation (&amp;gt;1.5\u00a0mA) are not well-described.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare complications and adverse effects observed with standard and rapid protocols of current increase.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen client-owned dogs with idiopathic epilepsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nonrandomized, nonblinded prospective cohort study. Surgical complications, stimulation-related adverse effects, modifications to stimulator settings, number of hospital visits, and time to reach 1.5\u00a0mA stimulation current without intolerable adverse effects were described in dogs receiving current increases every 1 to 3\u2009weeks (slow ramping) and dogs receiving current increases every 8 to 12\u2009hours (fast ramping).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Self-resolving surgery site seromas formed in 6 dogs. No other surgical complications were observed. Fourteen dogs reached 1.5\u00a0mA. Coughing (11\/14 dogs; 5 slow, 6 fast ramping) was the most common adverse effect. Intolerable coughing that limited current increases despite changing other stimulus parameters occurred in 6\/7 of the fast-ramping group and in none of the slow-ramping group. Median time to 1.5\u00a0mA was 72\u2009days (range, 28-98) in the slow-ramping group and 77\u2009days (range, 3-152) in the fast-ramping group. Median number of clinic visits was 6 for the slow-ramping group (range, 5-6) and 3 for the fast-ramping group (range, 1-7).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Coughing is a common adverse effect of VNS in dogs and generally is well tolerated, particularly if current is increased slowly and other stimulation parameters are adapted for effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T07:45:45Z","timestamp":1630568745000},"page":"2350-2358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Implantable vagus nerve stimulator settings and short-term adverse effects in epileptic dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5980-472X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Harcourt-Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Langford Vets, University of Bristol School of Veterinary Sciences , Bristol,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust , Bristol,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020303473060500_jvim16226-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002896.pub2","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation for partial 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