{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T21:37:22Z","timestamp":1770154642815,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1616,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center for Companion Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis","award":["2016-48-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-48-R"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum phosphorylated neurofilament-heavy chain (pNF-H) has not been longitudinally evaluated in dogs that develop progressive myelomalacia (PMM) after Type I intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine if serum pNF-H concentrations would predict outcome of neuroligical disease in dogs with acute, severe thoracolumbar myelopathy secondary to Type I IVDH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-nine client-owned dogs with thoracolumbar myelopathy secondary to IVDH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective controlled cohort study. Serum was collected from dogs undergoing hemilaminectomy at multiple timepoints. Final neurological status was established at 12\u2009months and groups were stratified accordingly. Comparisons between outcome and pNF-H concentration at each timepoint was examined using Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance on ranks and receiver operator characteristics curve analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median serum pNF-H concentrations were not significantly different between deep pain negative dogs that did or did not recover at any timepoint (baseline: 0.37\u2009ng\/mL [0-0.9\u2009ng\/mL] vs 0\u2009ng\/mL [0-0.9\u2009ng\/mL], P\u2009&amp;gt;\u20091; 24\u2009hours: 1.25\u2009ng\/mL [0.35-7.23\u2009ng\/mL] vs 1.53\u2009ng\/mL [0-11.94\u2009ng\/mL], P\u2009&amp;gt;\u20091; 48\u2009hours: 1.22\u2009ng\/mL [0.63-6.62\u2009ng\/mL] vs 2.12\u2009ng\/mL [0-20.72\u2009ng\/mL], P &amp;gt;\u2009\u20091; 72\u2009hours: 2.77\u2009ng\/mL [1.33-6.62\u2009ng\/mL] vs 16.69\u2009ng\/mL [4.02-40.12\u2009ng\/mL], P &amp;gt;\u2009\u20091). Dogs that developed PMM had significantly higher serum pNF-H concentrations after surgery compared to all other cohorts at 24\u2009hours: 39.88\u2009ng\/mL (25.74-50.68\u2009ng\/mL); P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05\u2009and 72\u2009hours: 223.9\u00a0ng\/mL (155.4-263.7\u00a0ng\/mL); P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.05. A serum pNF-H concentration \u226531.39\u2009ng\/mL was 83.33% sensitive and 100% specific for identifying PMM in this cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum pNF-H is a promising biomarker for antemortem diagnosis of PMM in dogs with acute, severe thoracolumbar myelopathy secondary to Type I IVDH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T01:05:13Z","timestamp":1630631113000},"page":"2366-2373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain as a diagnostic biomarker for progressive myelomalacia in dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2879-9593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vishal D.","family":"Murthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chai-Fei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Kroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Giuffrida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0037-2619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Dickinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3216-3344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine M.","family":"Toedebusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2010.06.001","article-title":"Intervertebral disc disease in dogs","volume":"40","author":"Brisson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.240.11.1300","article-title":"Incidence of intervertebral disk degeneration-related diseases and associated mortality rates in dogs","volume":"240","author":"Bergknut","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.222.762","article-title":"Long-term functional outcome of dogs with severe injuries of the thoracolumbar spinal cord: 87 cases (1996-2001)","volume":"222","author":"Olby","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00560","article-title":"Ambulation in dogs with absent pain perception after acute thoracolumbar spinal cord injury","volume":"7","author":"Lewis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.241.12.1617","article-title":"Long-term neurologic outcome of hemilaminectomy and disk fenestration for treatment of dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation: 831 cases (2000\u20132007)","volume":"241","author":"Aikawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12183","article-title":"Intervertebral disk degeneration in dogs: consequences, diagnosis, treatment, and future directions","volume":"27","author":"Jeffery","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12102.x","article-title":"A comparison of thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion in French bulldogs and dachshunds and association with congenital vertebral anomalies","volume":"43","author":"Aikawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14829","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of dogs with progressive myelomalacia following acute intervertebral disc extrusion","volume":"31","author":"Castel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.248.4.386","article-title":"Factors associated with recovery from paraplegia in dogs with loss of pain perception in the pelvic limbs following intervertebral disk herniation","volume":"248","author":"Jeffery","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.1996.tb01371.x","article-title":"Spinal cord swelling as a myelographic indicator of prognosis: a retrospective study in dogs with intervertebral disc disease and loss of deep pain perception","volume":"25","author":"Duval","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2014.07.014","article-title":"Biomarkers for neural injury and infection in small animals","volume":"44","author":"Nishida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.240.5.555","article-title":"Associations between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and long-term neurologic outcome in dogs with acute intervertebral disk herniation","volume":"240","author":"Witsberger","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12144.x","article-title":"Evaluation of serum phosphorylated neurofilament subunit NF-H as a prognostic biomarker in dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation","volume":"43","author":"Nishida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.14-0582","article-title":"Combination of serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit and hyperintensity of intramedullary T2W on magnetic resonance imaging provides better prognostic value of canine thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation","volume":"77","author":"Mashita","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15439","article-title":"Time course and prognostic value of serum GFAP, pNFH, and S100\u03b2 concentrations in dogs with complete spinal cord injury because of intervertebral disc extrusion","volume":"33","author":"Olby","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.12-0483","article-title":"Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein as a diagnostic biomarker in dogs with progressive Myelomalacia","volume":"75","author":"Sato","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E823","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000654","article-title":"Diagnostic value of serum levels of GFAP, pNF-H, and NSE compared with clinical findings in severity assessment of human traumatic spinal cord injury","volume":"40","author":"Ahadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2011.184","article-title":"Phosphorylated neurofilament subunit NF-H as a biomarker for evaluating the severity of spinal cord injury patients, a pilot study","volume":"50","author":"Hayakawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.08.252","article-title":"Hyperphosphorylated neurofilament NF-H is a serum biomarker of axonal injury","volume":"336","author":"Shaw","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2007.0488","article-title":"The phosphorylated axonal form of the neurofilament subunit NF-H (pNF-H) as a blood biomarker of traumatic brain injury","volume":"25","author":"Anderson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0021","first-page":"169","article-title":"Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 26 dogs with canine osseous-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy","volume":"55","author":"Murthy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.233.6.931","article-title":"Owner-perceived, weighted quality-of-life assessments in dogs with spinal cord injuries","volume":"233","author":"Levine","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1969.30","article-title":"The value of postural reduction in the initial management of closed injuries of the spine with paraplegia and tetraplegia","volume":"7","author":"Frankel","year":"1969","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.03.015","article-title":"Neurofilament phosphoforms: surrogate markers for axonal injury, degeneration and loss","volume":"233","author":"Petzold","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0058-z","article-title":"Neurofilaments as biomarkers in neurological disorders","volume":"14","author":"Khalil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2026020303475780100_jvim16251-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(87)90049-X","article-title":"Phosphorylation protects neurofilaments against proteolysis","volume":"14","author":"Goldstein","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvim.16251","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvim.16251","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/35\/5\/2366\/66672972\/jvim16251.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/35\/5\/2366\/66672972\/jvim16251.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T08:48:17Z","timestamp":1770108497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/35\/5\/2366\/8448763"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.16251","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-06-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}