{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:54:23Z","timestamp":1787496863240,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1435,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reduced pelvic limb reflexes in dogs with spinal cord injury typically suggests a lesion of the L4-S3 spinal cord segments. However, pelvic limb reflexes might also be reduced in dogs with a T3-L3 myelopathy and concurrent spinal shock.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We hypothesized that statistical models could be used to identify clinical variables associated with spinal shock in dogs with spinal cord injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort of 59 dogs with T3-L3 myelopathies and spinal shock and 13 dogs with L4-S3 myelopathies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data used for this study were prospectively entered by partner institutions into the International Canine Spinal Cord Injury observational registry between October 2016 and July 2019. Univariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between independent variables and the presence of spinal shock. Independent variables were selected for inclusion in a multivariable logistic regression model if they had a significant effect (P\u2009\u2264\u2009.1) on the odds of spinal shock in univariable logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The final multivariable model included the natural log of weight (kg), the natural log of duration of clinical signs (hours), severity (paresis vs paraplegia), and pelvic limb tone (normal vs decreased\/absent). The odds of spinal shock decreased with increasing weight (odds ratio [OR]\u00a0=\u00a00.28, P\u00a0=\u00a0.09; confidence interval [CI] 0.07-1.2), increasing duration (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.44, P\u00a0=\u00a0.02; CI 0.21-0.9), decreased pelvic limb tone (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.04, P\u00a0=\u00a0.003; CI 0.01-0.36), and increased in the presence of paraplegia (OR\u00a0=\u00a07.87, P\u00a0=\u00a0.04; CI 1.1-56.62).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A formula, as developed by the present study and after external validation, could be useful for assisting clinicians in determining the likelihood of spinal shock in various clinical scenarios and aid in diagnostic planning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T04:09:25Z","timestamp":1641787765000},"page":"663-671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Developing a predictive model for spinal shock in dogs with spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1415-6009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"McBride","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Columbus, Ohio,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, , Columbus, Ohio,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca B.","family":"Garabed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Columbus, Ohio,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1349-3484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha J.","family":"Olby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Raleigh, North Carolina,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9421-942X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Tipold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, , Hannover,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika Maria","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, , Bern,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Granger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Bristol,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley C.","family":"Hechler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Columbus, Ohio,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Page E.","family":"Yaxley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Columbus, Ohio,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4311-6199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Columbus, Ohio,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Neurology and Neurosurgery , Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 601 Vernon L Tharp Street, Columbus, Ohio, 43026"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha J.","family":"Olby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences, , 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27607"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kady M","family":"Gjessing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences, , 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27607"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhanna M.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences, , 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC, 27607"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DACVIM-Neurology Professor, Helen McWhorter Chair , and Head Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College Station, TX, 77843-4474"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa J.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor of Neurology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine , Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick D.","family":"Jeffery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Neurology & Neurosurgery, Maureen E Mullins Professor in Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University , TX, 77843"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronaldo Casimiro","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Service Head, Neurology and Neurosurgery , Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 601 Vernon L. Tharp Street, Columbus, OH, 43210-1089"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvette S.","family":"Nout-Lomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colorado State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , 300 West Drake Road, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1678"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joe","family":"Fenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College Department of Clinical Science and Services, , Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, mnHertfordshire,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Granger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The\u2009Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom\u00a0& CVS referrals,\u00a0Bristol Veterinary Specialists at Highcroft , Bristol,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Spitzbarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Pathology , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 33, D-04103 Leipzig,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika M.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Neurology , Department for Clinical Veterinary Medicine Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 128, CH-3012 Bern,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Tipold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , Buenteweg 9, D-30559 HANNOVER, Germany\/Europe"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hey","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology and Neurosurgery , Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, 900 E. 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