{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T21:47:00Z","timestamp":1770155220237,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1435,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relationships among gastric lymphoid follicular hyperplasia (GLFH), Helicobacter-like organisms (HLOs), and clinical signs have not been established in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the epidemiologic, clinical, endoscopic, and histopathologic findings associated with GLFH in dogs, and determine the association of GLFH with HLOs and the French Bulldog (FB) breed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two hundred eighty-eight dogs that underwent gastroscopy between 2013 and 2016.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Gastric biopsy samples were reviewed and scored for inflammation and HLOs. Dogs were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (63 FBs), group 2 (45 non-FB brachycephalic dogs), and group 3 (180 nonbrachycephalic dogs). Variables were evaluated for their association with GLFH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Univariate analysis determined that intact males, young age, vomiting, gastroscopic findings (discoloration, hemorrhage, and ulcers), and histopathologic findings (gastric lamina propria lymphocytic infiltration and HLO score) were associated with GLFH (P\u2009\u2264\u2009.03). In the multivariate analysis, GLFH was associated with the HLO score (odds ratio [OR] &amp;gt;\u20095 for HLO scores 1-2 and &amp;gt;15 for HLO score of 3; P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001), with vomiting (OR\u2009&amp;gt;\u20094; P\u00a0=\u00a0.01) but not with FB breed (P\u00a0=\u00a0.76) and age (P\u00a0=\u00a0.1). The HLO score was associated with younger age (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The HLO score was associated with a high GLFH score. Vomiting was associated with GLFH. Helicobacter-like organisms are highly prevalent in young dogs and GLFH is indirectly associated with this factor. Clinical relevance of the identification of GLFH and HLO remains to be determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T08:06:06Z","timestamp":1645603566000},"page":"515-524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Association of gastric lymphofollicular hyperplasia with\n                    <i>Helicobacter<\/i>\n                    -like organisms in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9374-257X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Bi\u00e9n\u00e8s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Fregis , Arcueil,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, University of Li\u00e8ge Department of Clinical Sciences, , Li\u00e8ge,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2463-4062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo Oliveira","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Fregis , Arcueil,","place":["France"]},{"name":"CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon , Lisbon,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Hospital Escolar Veterin\u00e1rio\u2014Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon , Lisbon,","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Fregis , Arcueil,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Hospital Cl\u00ednico Veterinario de la Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio, Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio , Madrid,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo Elvas","family":"De Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Fregis , Arcueil,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina Fernandes","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Fregis , Arcueil,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH, University of Li\u00e8ge Department of Clinical Sciences, , Li\u00e8ge,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Dally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAPVSO Laboratory , Toulouse,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Charles","family":"Husson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAPVSO Laboratory , Toulouse,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8427-0520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Le Boedec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Fregis , Arcueil,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2093-1692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Fregis , Arcueil,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Oniris , Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences, Nantes,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026624206987","article-title":"Predictive factors and prevalence of follicular gastritis in adults with peptic ulcer and nonulcer dyspepsia","volume":"44","author":"Ladas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.047","article-title":"Tolerance rather than immunity protects from Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric preneoplasia","volume":"140","author":"Arnold","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI61029","article-title":"DC-derived IL-18 drives Treg differentiation, murine Helicobacter pylori-specific immune tolerance, and asthma protection","volume":"122","author":"Oertli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2008.01.016","article-title":"Gastric Helicobacter species as a cause of feline gastric lymphoma: a viable hypothesis","volume":"123","author":"Bridgeford","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.256.8.906","article-title":"Comparison of clinical, endoscopic, and histologic features between dogs with chronic gastritis with and without lymphofollicular hyperplasia","volume":"256","author":"Faucher","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00320.x","article-title":"Prevalence of gastrointestinal tract lesions in 73 brachycephalic dogs with upper respiratory syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Poncet","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00057.x","article-title":"Long-term results of upper respiratory syndrome surgery and gastrointestinal tract medical treatment in 51 brachycephalic dogs","volume":"47","author":"Poncet","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(96)80034-X","article-title":"Comparison of diagnostic methods for detecting gastric Helicobacter-like organisms in dogs and cats","volume":"115","author":"Happonen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2005.tb02651.x","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of inflammatory and immune responses in dogs with gastritis and their relationship to Helicobacter spp. infection","volume":"19","author":"Wiinberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.5.2144-2151.2004","article-title":"Evaluation of \u2018Helicobacter heilmannii\u2019 subtypes in the gastric mucosas of cats and dogs","volume":"42","author":"Priestnall","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02225.x","article-title":"Helicobacter infection in dogs and cats: facts and fiction","volume":"14","author":"Neiger","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2000.tb02243.x","article-title":"The relationship of Helicobacter spp. infection to gastric disease in dogs and cats","volume":"14","author":"Simpson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.12.3165-3170.1996","article-title":"Prevalence and varieties of Helicobacter species in dogs from random sources and petdogs: animal and public health implications","volume":"34","author":"Eaton","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2009.00674.x","article-title":"Spatial distribution of Helicobacter spp. in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs","volume":"14","author":"Recordati","year":"2009","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2003.64.646","article-title":"Postnatal changes in bacterial populations in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs","volume":"64","author":"Buddington","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0016","first-page":"10","article-title":"Endoscopic, biopsy, and histopathologic guidelines for the evaluation of gastrointestinal inflammation in companion animals","volume":"24","author":"Washabau","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2008.01.001","article-title":"Histopathological standards for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal inflammation in endoscopic biopsy samples from the dog and cat: a report from the World Small Animal Veterinary Association Gastrointestinal Standardization Group","volume":"138","author":"Day","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0018","first-page":"80","article-title":"Association between follicular gastritis and Helicobacter pylori in children seen at a public hospital in Peru","volume":"81","author":"Mejia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Gastroenterol Mex"},{"key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-015-0057-1","article-title":"Presence and significance of Helicobacter spp in the gastric mucosa of Portuguese dogs","volume":"7","author":"Amorim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gut Pathog"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.78.12.1414","article-title":"Analysis of the association between density of Helicobacter spp and gastric lesions in dogs","volume":"78","author":"Su\u00e1rez-Esquivel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0021","first-page":"394","article-title":"Molecular analysis of the bacterial microflora in duodenal biopsies from dogs with inflammatory bowel disease Suchodolski","volume":"22","author":"Suchodolski","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12847","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i36.12847","article-title":"Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori: what should be the gold standard?","volume":"20","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.46.9.832","article-title":"Prevalence of lymphoid follicles and aggregates in Helicobacter pylori gastritis in antral and body mucosa","volume":"46","author":"Eidt","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5583","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i19.5583","article-title":"Immune responses to Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"20","author":"Moyat","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0025","first-page":"407","article-title":"Helicobacter heilmannii gastritis caused by cat to child transmission","volume":"36","author":"Van Loon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0026","article-title":"Conformational risk factors of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in pugs, French Bulldogs, and bulldogs","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1083-4389.2004.00242.x","article-title":"Dual vs. triple therapy for childhood Helicobacter pylori gastritis: a double-blind randomized multicentre trial","volume":"9","author":"Oderda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0028","first-page":"286","article-title":"Resolution of Helicobacter pylori associated granulomatous gastritis in a child after eradication therapy","volume":"39","author":"Ozturk","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2008.1443.1448","article-title":"Assessment of chronic gastritis in pet dogs and its relation with Helicobacter-like organisms","volume":"11","author":"Shabestari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pak J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020303534181600_jvim16387-bib-0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.22463\/0122820X.9","article-title":"Eficacia del m\u00e9todo de inmunocromatograf\u00eda en heces para el diagn\u00f3stico de Helicobacter pylori en pacientes con dispepsia: evaluaci\u00f3n preliminar","volume":"19","author":"Bayona Rojas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respuestas"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvim.16387","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvim.16387","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/36\/2\/515\/66666307\/jvim16387.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/36\/2\/515\/66666307\/jvim16387.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T08:54:06Z","timestamp":1770108846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/36\/2\/515\/8449083"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.16387","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-09-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}