{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:15:13Z","timestamp":1787015713307,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1435,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urethral obstruction (UO) has a negative effect on welfare of cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine incidence, case management, and outcomes of UO in cats in primary-care practice in the United Kingdom.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All male cats under veterinary care within the VetCompass database in 2016.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was performed. The electronic records of all male cats with a clinical note during the study period were searched for UO cases and were manually reviewed for inclusion. Additional demographic and clinical information were extracted on cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From the study cohort of 237\u2009825 male cats, there were 1293 incident cases. The estimated UO incidence risk during 2016 was 0.54 (95% CI: 0.51-0.57). Demographic and clinical data were available for 1108 cases. Antibiotics were administered to 641\/1108 (57.9%) cases. Overall repeat catheterization rate was 253\/854 (29.6%). Repeat catheterization at 48\u2009hours was less frequent in patients with indwelling catheters (10.1%) vs those that had a catheter placed and then immediately removed (14.8%; P\u00a0=\u2009.04). Death during a UO episode was 329\/1108 (29.6%), and 285\/329 (88.0%) deaths involved euthanasia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antibiotics were commonly prescribed in cats for treatment of UO despite minimal evidence in the clinical records of bacterial cystitis. Repeat catheterization was common and case fatality rate during a UO episode was high. Repeat catheterization within 48\u2009hours of elective removal of a urethral catheter was less common in cats that had previously had indwelling catheters. The majority of cats requiring repeat catheterization survived until the end of the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T04:54:09Z","timestamp":1645678449000},"page":"599-608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Occurrence and clinical management of urethral obstruction in male cats under primary veterinary care in the United Kingdom in 2016"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7230-1441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dave","family":"Beeston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College , Hertfordshire,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5770-7950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Humm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College , Hertfordshire,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College , Hertfordshire,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5628-4194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Brodbelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College , Hertfordshire,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1115-2723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan Gerard","family":"O'Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College , Hertfordshire,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020303534140600_jvim16389-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12278","article-title":"Controversies in the management of feline urethral obstruction","volume":"25","author":"Cooper","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"key":"2026020303534140600_jvim16389-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.502","article-title":"Evaluation of trends in frequency of urethrostomy for treatment of urethral obstruction in 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