{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T21:12:45Z","timestamp":1770153165481,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1374,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine Consolidated Faculty Research Develpment Award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Liver disease is frequently cited as a cause of gastroduodenal ulceration (GDU) in dogs but studies regarding GDU and liver disease are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To document the presence of GDU in dogs with liver disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty dogs that underwent liver biopsy, computed tomographic (CT) angiography or both at the University of Florida Small Animal Hospital to diagnose congenital or acquired liver disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study. Dogs had gastroduodenoscopy performed with photographic and video documentation in a standardized fashion. Lesions (hemorrhage, erosions, ulcers) in the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum were scored based on a grading scale. Presence of esophageal varices was recorded. Dogs were categorized into 4 groups according to cause of liver disease (inflammatory disease, cirrhosis, congenital, other). Presence or absence of ulcers, erosions or both as well as total endoscopic scores were compared among groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty dogs were enrolled with the following distribution: 13 congenital, 13 inflammatory, 3 cirrhosis, and 11 other. Four dogs had GDU (10%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3%-24%) and 6 dogs had erosions (15%; 95% CI, 6%-30%). No difference was found in total endoscopic score (P\u00a0=\u2009.21) or in the proportion of dogs with ulcers, erosions or both versus those without (P\u00a0=\u2009.25) among the groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gastroduodenal ulceration was found in 10% of dogs with liver disease in this population. Additional studies are warranted to confirm these findings in larger numbers of dogs with specific disease etiologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T06:49:40Z","timestamp":1647845380000},"page":"986-992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gastroduodenal ulceration in dogs with liver disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3412-0575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison L.","family":"O'Kell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Gainesville, Florida,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0443-8782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander E.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Gainesville, Florida,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9260-2564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsten L.","family":"Cooke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Gainesville, Florida,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020303580212200_jvim16413-bib-0001","first-page":"1504","article-title":"Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine","author":"Simpson","year":"2010","edition":"7th ed."},{"key":"2026020303580212200_jvim16413-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15337","article-title":"ACVIM consensus statement: support for rational administration of gastrointestinal protectants to dogs and cats","volume":"32","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020303580212200_jvim16413-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1989.tb00863.x","article-title":"Gastroduodenal ulceration in dogs. 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