{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T13:56:32Z","timestamp":1775483792148,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1374,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]],"date-time":"2022-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University (OSU) Research Advisory Committee (RAC) 2019"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both obesity and metabolic syndrome are associated with hypercoagulability in people, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and thromboembolic events. Whether hypercoagulability exists in obese, insulin-dysregulated horses is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine if coagulation profiles differ between healthy horses and those with obesity and insulin dysregulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifteen healthy horses (CON) and 15 obese, insulin-dysregulated horses (OBID). Individuals were university or client owned.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case-control study. Obesity was defined as a body condition score (BCS) \u22657.5\/9 (modified Henneke scale). Insulin dysregulation status was assessed by an oral sugar test (OST). Kaolin-thromboelastography and traditional coagulation variables were compared between groups. The direction and strength of the association between coagulation variables and BCS and OST results were determined using Spearman's correlation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thromboelastography variables MA (OBID: 69.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.5\u2009mm; CON: 64.8\u2009\u00b1 4.3\u2009mm; P\u00a0=\u00a0.007) and G-value (OBID: 11749\u2009\u00b1\u20092536\u2009dyn\/m2; CON: 9319\u2009\u00b1 1650\u2009dyn\/m2; P\u00a0=\u00a0.004) were higher in OBID compared to CON. Positive correlations between MA and BCS (R\u00a0=\u00a00.45, P\u00a0=\u00a0.01) and serum insulin (T0: R\u00a0=\u00a00.45, P\u00a0=\u00a0.01; T60: R\u00a0=\u00a00.39, P\u00a0=\u00a0.03), and G-value and BCS (R\u00a0=\u00a00.46, P\u00a0=\u00a0.01), and serum insulin (T0: R\u00a0=\u00a00.48, P\u00a0=\u00a0.007; T60: R\u00a0=\u00a00.43, P\u00a0=\u00a0.02; T90: R\u00a0=\u00a00.38, P\u00a0=\u00a0.04) were present.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obese, insulin-dysregulated horses are hypercoagulable compared to healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]],"date-time":"2022-04-16T05:38:16Z","timestamp":1650087496000},"page":"1131-1138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Thromboelastography in obese horses with insulin dysregulation compared to healthy controls"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5167-939X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy L.","family":"Lovett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Stillwater, Oklahoma,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University , Palmerston North,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lyndi L.","family":"Gilliam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Stillwater, Oklahoma,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin W.","family":"Sykes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University , Stillwater, Palmerston North,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4836-8069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dianne","family":"McFarlane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University Department of Clinical Sciences, , Stillwater, Oklahoma,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15423","article-title":"ECEIM consensus statement on equine metabolic syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Durham","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1160\/TH13-01-0075","article-title":"Thrombosis in central obesity and metabolic syndrome: mechanisms and epidemiology","volume":"110","author":"Morange","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0503.x","article-title":"Equine metabolic syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Frank","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12031","article-title":"Plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers in previously laminitic ponies","volume":"45","author":"Wray","year":"2013","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2011.11.013","article-title":"Neutrophil and cytokine dysregulation in hyperinsulinemic obese horses","volume":"145","author":"Holbrook","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2015.16.1.113","article-title":"The production and distribution of IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 in subcutaneous adipose tissue and their correlation with serum concentrations in Welsh ponies with equine metabolic syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Basinska","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-673","article-title":"Relationships among inflammatory cytokines, obesity, and insulin sensitivity in the horse","volume":"85","author":"Vick","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-015-0249-5","article-title":"Platelet hyperactivity and fibrin clot structure in transient ischemic attack individuals in the presence of metabolic syndrome: a microscopy and thromboelastography study","volume":"14","author":"Van Rooy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002414","article-title":"Obesity is associated with postinjury hypercoagulability","volume":"87","author":"Samuels","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000490","article-title":"Obesity and clotting: BMI independently contributes to hypercoagulability after injury","volume":"78","author":"Kornblith","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3943","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-018-3437-z","article-title":"Thromboelastography values remain hypercoagulative 6 months after obesity surgery: a pilot study","volume":"28","author":"Tuovila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.900769","article-title":"Monitoring of hypercoagulability by thromboelastography in bariatric surgery","volume":"23","author":"Kupcinskiene","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2015.01.003","article-title":"Hypercoagulability detected by whole blood thromboelastometry (ROTEM(R)) and impedance aggregometry (MULTIPLATE(R)) in obese patients","volume":"135","author":"Campello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03011965","article-title":"Perioperative thromboelastography and sonoclot analysis in morbidly obese patients","volume":"44","author":"Pivalizza","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12079","article-title":"Comparison of components of biological variation between 3 equine thromboelastography assays","volume":"42","author":"Hyldahl Laursen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.17221\/16\/2018-VETMED","article-title":"Evaluation of kaolin-activated thromboelastography and sample stability in healthy horses","volume":"63","author":"Machackova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Med"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12410","article-title":"Biological variation of thromboelastrography variables in 10 clinically healthy horses","volume":"26","author":"Scruggs","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12610","article-title":"Operator-based variability of equine thromboelastography","volume":"27","author":"Thane","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2008.00381.x","article-title":"Thrombelastography in 26 healthy horses with and without activation by recombinant human tissue factor","volume":"19","author":"Epstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12980","article-title":"Effects of storage time and temperature on thromboelastographic analysis in dogs and horses","volume":"50","author":"Lemon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0620.x","article-title":"Association between hypercoagulability and decreased survival in horses with ischemic or inflammatory gastrointestinal disease","volume":"24","author":"Dunkel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2010.00576.x","article-title":"Thromboelastography in healthy horses and horses with inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders and suspected coagulopathies","volume":"20","author":"Mendez-Angulo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2011.00854.x","article-title":"Thromboelastography in healthy, sick non-septic and septic neonatal foals","volume":"89","author":"Mendez-Angulo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aust Vet J"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12095","article-title":"Serial viscoelastic and traditional coagulation testing in horses with gastrointestinal disease","volume":"23","author":"Epstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00382.x","article-title":"Preliminary evaluation of hemostasis in neonatal foals using a viscoelastic coagulation and platelet function analyzer","volume":"19","author":"Dallap Schaer","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0026","first-page":"163","article-title":"Feeding and Nutrition: The Making of a Champion","author":"Kohnke","year":"1992"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1983.tb01826.x","article-title":"Relationship between condition score, physical measurements and body fat percentage in mares","volume":"15","author":"Henneke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2012.03.024","article-title":"Body condition scoring as a predictor of body fat in horses and ponies","volume":"194","author":"Dugdale","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2013.09.006","article-title":"Assessment of insulin and glucose dynamics by using an oral sugar test in horses","volume":"34","author":"Schuver","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Equine Vet"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0030","article-title":"Tufts University","author":"Equine Endocrinology Group [Internet]","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0481.x","article-title":"Evaluation of a veterinary glucometer for use in horses","volume":"24","author":"Hackett","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2012.00724.x","article-title":"Effect of venipuncture quality on thromboelastography","volume":"22","author":"Garcia-Pereira","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2011.00338.x","article-title":"Thromboelastography in equine medicine: technique and use in clinical research","volume":"24","author":"Mendez-Angulo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1160\/TH14-02-0156","article-title":"Hypercoagulability in overweight and obese subjects who are asymptomatic for thrombotic events","volume":"113","author":"Campello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3590","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-021-05445-3","article-title":"Thromboelastography-based profiling of coagulation status in patients undergoing bariatric surgery: analysis of 422 patients","volume":"1-8","author":"Cowling","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2009.00593.x","article-title":"Role of adipose tissue in haemostasis, coagulation and fibrinolysis","volume":"10","author":"Faber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20365","article-title":"Microparticle increase in severe obesity: not related to metabolic syndrome and unchanged after massive weight loss","volume":"21","author":"Stepanian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.2746\/042516403775600514","article-title":"Comparison of unfractioned and low molecular weight heparin for prophylaxis of coagulopathies in 52 horses with colic: a randomised double-blind clinical trial","volume":"35","author":"Feige","year":"2003","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0039","first-page":"507","article-title":"Large Animal Internal Medicine","author":"Reef","year":"2020","edition":"6th ed."},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.227.1134","article-title":"Evaluation of risk factors for development of catheter-associated jugular thrombophlebitis in horses: 50 cases (1993\u20131998)","volume":"227","author":"Dolente","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R81","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-14-0038","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome: is equine disease comparable to what we know in humans?","volume":"3","author":"Ertelt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr Connect"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2019.06.003","article-title":"From table to stable: a comparative review of selected aspects of human and equine metabolic syndrome","volume":"79","author":"Ragno","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Equine Vet"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0043","first-page":"379","article-title":"Are there shared mechanisms in the pathophysiology of different clinical forms of laminitis and what are the implications for prevention and treatment?","volume":"35","author":"van Eps","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Clin"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13148","article-title":"Age-and gender-related reference ranges for thromboelastography from a healthy Indian population","volume":"42","author":"Ahammad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13378","article-title":"Equine metabolic syndrome in UK native ponies and cobs is highly prevalent with modifiable risk factors","volume":"53","author":"Carslake","year":"2021","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020303575295600_jvim16421-bib-0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12812","article-title":"Effects of age and diet on glucose and insulin dynamics in the horse","volume":"50","author":"Rapson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jvim.16421","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jvim.16421","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/36\/3\/1131\/66666578\/jvim16421.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/36\/3\/1131\/66666578\/jvim16421.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T08:58:09Z","timestamp":1770109089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/36\/3\/1131\/8449108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.16421","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-03-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-04-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}