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The first case was presented for poor performance and showed an anechoic zone in the interatrial septum on 2D-TTE. Based on 3D-TTE a deepened fossa ovalis could be identified and using ICE the presence of an interatrial shunt could be excluded. The second case was referred for a cardiac murmur and the presence of turbulent flow in and around the interatrial septum on 2D-TTE color flow Doppler. The complementary use of 2D-TTE, 3D-TTE, and ICE allowed detailed characterization of a patent foramen ovale, with evidence of a left-to-right shunt in a dorsocranial to ventrocaudal direction with limited hemodynamic implications. These 2 cases underline the feasibility of 3D-TTE and ICE in horses and especially show the added value of ICE in a clinical setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,30]],"date-time":"2022-05-30T07:18:37Z","timestamp":1653895117000},"page":"1535-1542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Three-dimensional and catheter-based intracardiac echocardiographic characterization of the interatrial septum in 2 horses with suspicion of a patent foramen ovale"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8185-1450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid","family":"Vernemmen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Cardioteam Ghent University , Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 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