{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T21:53:41Z","timestamp":1770155621920,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1313,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metaphyseal sclerosis secondary to canine distemper virus has been described histopathologically, but its radiographic appearance has not been described.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Describe the radiographic appearance of metaphyseal sclerosis secondary to canine distemper virus in juvenile dogs as distinct from metaphyseal osteopathy (formerly called hypertrophic osteodystrophy).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four dogs (2 intact females and 2 intact males) between 2.5 and 4\u00a0months of age presented to 2 different veterinary teaching hospitals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective case series in which definitive diagnosis of canine distemper virus based on antemortem positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result or necropsy was required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All 4 dogs were presented for evaluation of neurologic abnormalities, respiratory signs, and lethargy; 2 dogs had gastrointestinal signs and ocular abnormalities. Radiographs on all patients featured multifocal, symmetric, metaphyseal sclerosis, with no evidence of lysis or changes to the adjacent growth plate. The metaphyseal sclerosis was most apparent at the proximal humeral diaphyses and other included long bones. Diagnosis of distemper was confirmed by necropsy (2 of 4 dogs) or positive RT-PCR results (2 of 4 dogs). Three dogs were euthanized because of progressive illness, and 1 dog was lost to follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Identification of metaphyseal sclerosis on radiographs during diagnostic evaluation of young dogs should lead to a clinical suspicion of canine distemper virus infection. Sclerosis identified secondary to canine distemper virus is distinct from the necrosis and inflammation of metaphyseal osteopathy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T05:46:18Z","timestamp":1654235178000},"page":"1303-1311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Radiographic evidence of metaphyseal sclerosis secondary to canine distemper virus: 4 cases in juvenile dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4759-5422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kryssa L.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, , Knoxville, Tennessee,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0013-7544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linden E.","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, , Knoxville, Tennessee,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0689-7133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Service, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1199-4138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehren","family":"McLarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging Service, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9060-2309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrien-Maxence","family":"Hespel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, , Knoxville, Tennessee,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020304003150300_jvim16453-bib-0001","article-title":"Canine and Feline Infectious Diseases","author":"Sykes","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304003150300_jvim16453-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2008.02.007","article-title":"Canine distemper virus","volume":"38","author":"Martella","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304003150300_jvim16453-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(95)00013-Z","article-title":"Metaphyseal bone lesions in young dogs with systemic canine distemper virus infection","volume":"44","author":"Baumg\u00e4rtner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"2026020304003150300_jvim16453-bib-0004","first-page":"16","article-title":"Jubb, Kennedy & Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals","author":"Craig","year":"2015","edition":"6th ed"},{"key":"2026020304003150300_jvim16453-bib-0005","first-page":"255","article-title":"Radiology in veterinary pathology. 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