{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T02:17:03Z","timestamp":1783131423647,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1313,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Historically, positive bacterial cultures from the lower respiratory tract (LRT) have been considered clinically relevant when quantitative bacterial cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were &amp;gt;1700 colony forming units (cfu)\/mL. However, this threshold might not accurately predict a requirement for antibiotics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study whether quantitative BALF bacterial culture results were predictive of antibiotic requirement in dogs with LRT signs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-three client-owned dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study. Dogs with positive quantitative bacterial culture of BALF were included. Dogs were divided into 2 groups, depending on whether they had a LRT infection requiring antibiotics (LRTI-RA) or LRT disease not requiring antibiotics (LRTD-NRA), based on thoracic imaging features, presence of intracellular bacteria on BALF cytology, and response to treatment. Predictive effect of cfu\/mL and BALF total nucleated cell count (TNCC) on antibiotic requirement, adjusting for ongoing or prior antibiotic therapy and age, were studied using logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-two and 11 dogs were included in the LRTI-RA and LRTD-NRA groups, respectively. The cfu\/mL was not significantly predictive of antibiotic requirement, independent of ongoing or prior antibiotic treatment and age (LRTI-RA: median, 10\u00a0000\u2009cfu\/mL; range, 10-3\u2009\u00d7\u2009108; LRTD-NRA: median, 10\u00a0\u2009000\u2009cfu\/mL; range, 250-1.3\u2009\u00d7\u2009109; P\u00a0=\u00a0.27). The TNCC was not significantly predictive of antibiotic requirement when only dogs with bronchial disease were considered (LRTI-RA: median, 470 cells\/\u03bcL; range, 240-2260; LRTD-NRA: median, 455 cells\/\u03bcL; range, 80-4990; P\u00a0=\u00a0.57).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cfu\/mL is an inappropriate measure for determining whether antibiotics are of benefit in dogs with LRT signs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T06:38:43Z","timestamp":1653547123000},"page":"1444-1453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Association between quantitative bacterial culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and antibiotic requirement in dogs with lower respiratory tract signs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Lebastard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Fr\u00e9gis , Arcueil,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Beurlet-Lafarge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Vebio , Arcueil,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eymeric","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Fr\u00e9gis , Arcueil,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8427-0520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin","family":"Le Boedec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire Fr\u00e9gis , 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