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Horses received PolyB (PolyB 6000\u2009IU\/kg IV, 7 doses q12h, n\u00a0=\u00a06) and PolyB\/gentamicin (PolyB 6000\u2009IU\/kg IV, q12h 7 doses; gentamicin 10\u00a0mg\/kg IV q24h 4 doses n\u00a0=\u00a04, or q12-24\u2009h 5 doses because of an additional erroneous dose, n\u00a0=\u00a02). Daily neurological examinations were video recorded, and ataxia graded by 3 observers. Urine status, urinary GGT\/creatinine ratio, plasma creatinine, and urea were assessed every other day, EMG daily. Mixed model analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with ataxia grade and [PolyB].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Median ataxia score increased from 0\/5 (range 0-2\/5) to 2\/5 (range 1-3\/5) during administration and declined to 0.5\/5 (range 0-2\/5) after cessation. Gentamicin co-administration (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.01, effect size: .8), number of PolyB doses (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001, effect size: .6), and time since last PolyB dose (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001, effect size: .5) had a significant effect on ataxia grades, while horse, day, [Genta], [PolyB], and [PolyB]CSF did not. Gentamicin co-administration and [Genta] Cpeak had no effect on median [PolyB] Cpeak (4.67 and 4.89\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml for PolyB and PolyB\/gentamicin, respectively). Urinary GGT\/creatinine ratio was elevated in 3\/6 horses receiving PolyB\/gentamicin. The EMG remained unchanged.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PolyB caused transient ataxia, worsening with cumulative PolyB doses and gentamicin co-administration. Nephrotoxicity of PolyB was only evident when gentamicin was co-administered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16470","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T02:46:30Z","timestamp":1657248390000},"page":"1525-1534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Adverse effects of polymyxin B administration to healthy horses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Julia N.","family":"van Spijk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich Equine Department, , Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Equine Clinic, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin Department of Veterinary Medicine, , Berlin,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1823-7845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrin","family":"Beckmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich Department of Small Animals, , Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meret","family":"Wehrli Eser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich Equine Department, , Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Boxler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich , Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Stirn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich Department of Clinical Services, , Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thea","family":"Rhyner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine National Center Berne , Berne,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Kaelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich Equine Department, , Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanja","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2162-6550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelika","family":"Schoster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich Equine Department, , Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304004004400_jvim16470-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.123.10.269","article-title":"Detection of endotoxin in cases of equine colic","volume":"123","author":"King","year":"1988","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304004004400_jvim16470-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1998.tb00493.x","article-title":"Hemostatic and fibrinolytic indices in neonatal foals with presumed septicemia","volume":"12","author":"Barton","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304004004400_jvim16470-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00328.x","article-title":"Plasma endotoxin in horses presented to an equine referral hospital: correlation to selected clinical parameters and outcomes","volume":"43","author":"Senior","year":"2011","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020304004004400_jvim16470-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1991.tb00944.x","article-title":"Endotoxemia in horses. 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