{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T21:56:16Z","timestamp":1770155776461,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1313,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compression of epidural adipose tissue (EAT) within the scope of cauda equina syndrome (CES) could lead to an enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators, possibly contributing to pain amplification in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze expression of inflammatory adipo(-cyto)kines within the EAT of dogs with CES.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Client-owned dogs: 15 dogs with CES and 9 dogs euthanized for unrelated medical reasons (controls).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective, experimental study. Epidural adipose tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue were collected during dorsal laminectomy and used for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Tissue explants were cultured for measurements of inflammation-induced release of cytokines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results show a CES-associated upregulation of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u03b1: mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD: 18.88\u2009\u00b1\u200911.87, 95% CI: 10.90-26.86 vs 9.66\u2009\u00b1\u20095.22, 95% CI: 5.29-14.02, *: P\u00a0=\u00a0.04) and interleukin- (IL-) 10 (20.1\u2009\u00b1\u20099.15, 95% CI: 14.82-25.39 vs 11.52\u2009\u00b1\u20096.82, 95% CI: 5.82-17.22, *: P\u00a0=\u00a0.03), whereas the expression of the adipokine leptin was attenuated in EAT of dogs with CES (3.07\u2009\u00b1\u20092.29, 95% CI: 1.80-3.34 vs 9.83\u2009\u00b1\u20098.42, 95% CI: 3.36-16.30, **: P\u00a0=\u00a0.007). Inflammatory stimulation of EAT explant cultures resulted in an enhanced release of IL-6 (LPS: 5491.55\u2009\u00b1\u20094438, 95% CI: 833.7-10\u2009149; HMGB1: 1001.78\u2009\u00b1\u2009522.2, 95% CI: 518.8-1485; PBS: 310.9\u2009\u00b1\u200998.57, 95% CI: 228.5-393.3, ***: P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Expression profile of inflammatory adipo(-cyto)kines by EAT is influenced from compressive forces acting in dogs with CES and might contribute to amplification of pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16483","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T08:17:13Z","timestamp":1657873033000},"page":"1373-1381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Expression of adipokines and adipocytokines by epidural adipose tissue in cauda equina syndrome in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9959-0236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Leisengang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior \u2013 CMBB, Philipps University Marburg & Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Gluding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Small Animals (Surgery), Justus Liebig University Giessen Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Giessen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"H\u00f6rster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic \u2013 Neurosurgery, Neuroradiology and Clinical Neurology, Justus Liebig University Giessen Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Giessen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Peek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Rummel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior \u2013 CMBB, Philipps University Marburg & Justus Liebig University Giessen , Giessen,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3481-4737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin J.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic \u2013 Neurosurgery, Neuroradiology and Clinical Neurology, Justus Liebig University Giessen Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , 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