{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T15:34:19Z","timestamp":1791041659070,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1313,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007823","name":"Alltech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007823","name":"Alltech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007823","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outbreaks of liver disease in horses are common but the etiology of most remains unknown. Forage mycotoxins have been suspected to be a cause.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the association between outbreaks of liver disease and the presence of mycotoxins in forage stored on the same premises.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Premises were identified where \u22654 horses were contemporaneously affected by liver disease, and a control group was formed from premises where \u22654 horses had been examined and found to have no evidence of liver disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forage was collected from 29 case and 12 control premises. The forage was analyzed for mycotoxin content using a liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry method, targeting 54 mycotoxins. The presence and distribution of mycotoxins between case and control samples was compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mycotoxins were found in 23\/29 (79%) case samples and 10\/12 (83%) control samples (P\u2009&amp;gt;\u2009.99; relative risk, 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-1.75). Median (interquartile range [IQR]) total mycotoxin concentration was similar in case and control samples (85.8\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg [1.6-268] vs. 315\u2009\u03bcg\/kg [6.3-860]; P\u00a0=\u00a0.16). Ten mycotoxins were found exclusively in case premises comprising fumonisin B1, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, aflatoxins B1 and G1, methylergonovine, nivalenol, verruculogen, and wortmannin. The median (IQR) concentration of fumonisin B1 was significantly higher in case versus control samples (0\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg [0-81.7] vs. 0\u00a0\u03bcg\/kg [0-0]; P\u00a0=\u00a0.04).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several mycotoxins with known hepatotoxic potential were found, alone or in combination, exclusively at case premises, consistent with the hypothesis that forage-associated mycotoxicosis may be a cause of outbreaks of liver disease in horses in the United Kingdom.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T09:54:25Z","timestamp":1657101265000},"page":"1502-1507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Association between forage 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