{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T09:17:56Z","timestamp":1778923076281,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1190,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is commonly analyzed in South American camelids with suspected neurologic disease because of ease of collection and characteristic findings associated with certain diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess CSF findings associated with short-term survival or non-survival in South American camelids in which neurologic disease was a differential diagnosis based on history and physical examination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-one llamas and 33 alpacas that underwent CSF analysis at the University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective study. Medical records of camelids that underwent CSF analysis between January 2005 and September 2021 were studied. Short-term survival was defined as survival to discharge from the Veterinary Health Center. A Fisher's exact test was used to compare species, CSF results, and survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Odds of survival were 3.9 times higher in camelids with a total nucleated cell count (TNCC)\u2009&amp;lt;3 cells\/\u03bcL (P\u00a0=\u00a0.04). No significant association was found between survival and total protein concentration (TPC; P\u00a0=\u00a0.15) or percentage of eosinophils (P\u00a0=\u00a01.0). No significant correlation was found between species and increased TNCC (P\u00a0=\u00a0.63), TPC (P\u00a0=\u00a0.55), or percentage of eosinophils (P\u00a0=\u00a0.30). Among camelids diagnosed with Paralephostrongylus tenuis infestation, odds of survival were 4.95 times higher in alpacas (P\u00a0=\u00a0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid TNCC \u22653 cells\/\u03bcL is associated with decreased odds of short-term survival in South American camelids.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T06:03:10Z","timestamp":1663999390000},"page":"2263-2269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of cerebrospinal fluid analysis and short-term survival outcomes in South American camelids: A retrospective study of 54 cases (2005-2021)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Samuel J.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, , Columbia, Missouri,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3363-5961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela R. 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