{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T21:44:37Z","timestamp":1770155077074,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1190,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bruxism is a repetitive masticatory muscle activity characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth, or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible, or both.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether bruxism in awake dogs could be associated with brain lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four dogs with episodic bruxism in the awake state.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observational retrospective single-center case series. Inclusion criteria were dogs examined between 2010 and 2021 with episodic bruxism as a presenting complaint or observed during the examination or hospitalization, complete medical records and magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography of the brain. Bruxism during epileptic seizures as oroalimentary automatism was an exclusion criterion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four dogs met the inclusion criteria. Two dogs had bruxism while awake as a presenting complaint, whereas in the remaining 2 it was a clinical finding. All dogs had neuroanatomical localization consistent with a forebrain lesion, with diencephalic involvement in 3\/4. The diagnostic evaluation was consistent with neoplasia (n\u00a0=\u00a02) and meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (n\u00a0=\u00a02), in 1 case accompanied by corpus callosum abnormality affecting the forebrain, in 3 dogs advanced imaging findings were suggestive of increased intracranial pressure. All dogs were euthanized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results suggest that the presence of bruxism in the awake state associated with other neurological deficits might indicate a forebrain lesion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T02:42:12Z","timestamp":1667443332000},"page":"2132-2141","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bruxism in awake dogs as a clinical sign of forebrain disease: 4 cases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2815-2527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theofanis","family":"Liatis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mother Hospital for Animals, Royal Veterinary College, University of London , Hatfield,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh , Midlothian,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7212-4633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Madden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh , Midlothian,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4177-5131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katia","family":"Marioni-Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh , Midlothian,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020304040860000_jvim16570-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12011","article-title":"Bruxism defined and graded: an international consensus","volume":"40","author":"Lobbezoo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"2026020304040860000_jvim16570-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2009.00538.x","article-title":"Associated conditions and clinical significance of awake bruxism","volume":"9","author":"Kwak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"2026020304040860000_jvim16570-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12663","article-title":"International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: report of a work in progress","volume":"45","author":"Lobbezoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"2026020304040860000_jvim16570-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-9-41","article-title":"A relationship between bruxism and orofacial dystonia? 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