{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T20:00:51Z","timestamp":1774900851275,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1129,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine - Equine Research Advisory Board"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100023074","name":"State of Indiana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100023074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is important to determine if a horse is shedding Salmonella spp., but a complete culture series can be cost prohibitive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Determine the optimal pooling technique to maintain high sensitivity of Salmonella spp. culture using spiked samples, and then demonstrate the efficacy of this protocol on clinical submissions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pooled fecal samples are as sensitive as 5 individual cultures for the detection of Salmonella shedding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single Salmonella-negative horse from the university herd, and 19 hospitalized horses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Salmonella-free fecal samples were spiked with different amounts of Salmonella spp. (102, 103, 104, and 105 colony forming units [cfu]) and homogenized to evaluate pooled samples. Five individual fecal samples were collected from 19 hospitalized horses. Ten-gram aliquots of each individual sample were combined to make a pooled sample. Both individual and pooled samples were cultured for Salmonella spp. The identity of bacterial isolates was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectrometry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 102\u00a0cfu concentration of Salmonella spp. could be recovered from a spiked Salmonella-free fecal sample. Homogenization protocols indicated that the addition of 20\u2009mL of broth to the pooled sample improved recovery, whereas homogenization time did not. Of the 19 horses tested, 5 were positive for Salmonella. In all instances, Salmonella spp. were recovered from the fecal pool as well as individual samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pooling of 5 fecal samples for Salmonella culture is a sensitive and cost-effective diagnostic approach to detect horses that are shedding the organism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,26]],"date-time":"2022-11-26T09:26:47Z","timestamp":1669454807000},"page":"323-327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Recovery of\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    bacterial isolates from pooled fecal samples from horses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6723-7454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose I.","family":"Goni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , West Lafayette, Indiana,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenitra","family":"Hendrix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State of Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory , West Lafayette, Indiana,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janice","family":"Kritchevsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , West Lafayette, Indiana,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020302524708600_jvim16586-bib-0001","first-page":"634","article-title":"Veterinary Gastroenterology","author":"Palmer","year":"1992","edition":"2nd ed."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020302524708600_jvim16586-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1995.9694534","article-title":"Diagnosing salmonellosis in horses culturing of multiple versus single faecal samples","volume":"17","author":"van Duijkeren","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020302524708600_jvim16586-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2012.04.004","article-title":"Shedding light on Salmonella carriers","volume":"20","author":"Gopinath","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends 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