{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:26:19Z","timestamp":1788942379477,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1129,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Finnish Veterinary Research Foundation"},{"name":"Finnish Kennel Club"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007404","name":"Finnish Foundation of Veterinary Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007404","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007404","name":"Suomen El\u00e4inl\u00e4\u00e4ketieteen S\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007404","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Salivary bile acids are used to diagnose extraesophageal reflux (EER) and to evaluate the risk of reflux aspiration that is associated with respiratory diseases in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study total bile acid (TBA) concentrations in saliva and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to investigate EER and reflux aspiration in dogs with respiratory diseases and in healthy dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u00a0Thirty-one West Highland White Terriers (WHWTs) with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 12 dogs with inflammatory airway disease (IAD), 6 dogs with recurrent pneumonia (RP), 26 brachycephalic dogs (BD), 27 healthy WHWTs (HW), 52 healthy dogs (HD). All privately-owned dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Saliva and BALF were collected from dogs in each group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Salivary TBA concentrations were higher in IPF (median 0.1692\u2009\u03bcM, interquartile range [IQR] 0.1115-0.2925\u2009\u03bcM, Cohen's d 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2-4.0, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) and BD (0.0256\u2009\u03bcM, IQR 0.0086-0.0417\u2009\u03bcM, d 0.5, CI \u22120.1 to 1.1, P\u00a0=\u00a0.003) compared to HD (0\u00a0\u03bcM, IQR not quantifiable [n.q.]-0.0131\u2009\u03bcM). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid TBA concentrations were higher in IPF (0.0117\u2009\u03bcM, IQR 0.0048-0.0361\u2009\u03bcM, d 0.5, CI 0-1.1, P\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001) compared to HD (0\u00a0\u03bcM, IQR n.q.-0.0074\u2009\u03bcM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extraesophageal reflux and reflux aspiration occur in healthy dogs and those with respiratory diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T07:04:38Z","timestamp":1674111878000},"page":"268-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Extraesophageal reflux and reflux aspiration in dogs with respiratory diseases and in healthy dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5782-5762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sirkku","family":"Kouki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1208-5799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanna J.","family":"Viitanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ninna","family":"Koho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henna P.","family":"Laurila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liisa","family":"Lilja-Maula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2448-7672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saila","family":"Holopainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Neuvonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Department of Clinical Pharmacology, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Niemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Department of Clinical Pharmacology, , Helsinki,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7327-3478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline","family":"Fastr\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Li\u00e8ge Department of Clinical Sciences, , 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