{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T11:14:20Z","timestamp":1773314060192,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1129,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinicopathologic variables predictive of disseminated coccidioidomycosis are known in humans but have not been explored in dogs. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (OH)D correlates with severity of disease of various etiologies in dogs but its role in coccidioidomycosis is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Determine whether serum 25(OH)D concentrations are different in dogs with coccidioidomycosis compared with healthy controls and if clinicopathologic variables are associated with extent of disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-five dogs with coccidioidomycosis (pulmonary, n\u00a0=\u00a013; disseminated, n\u00a0=\u00a015; uncharacterized, n\u00a0=\u00a07), and 25 healthy control dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cohort study. Serum 25(OH)D and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were measured with modified-HPLC and a commercial ELISA kit, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was no difference in 25(OH)D concentrations between dogs with coccidioidomycosis (median, interquartile range [IQR]; 31.9\u2009ng\/mL, 23.3-49.2) and controls (29.5\u2009ng\/mL, 25.6-40.8, P\u00a0=\u00a0.73). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was lower in dogs with coccidioidomycosis and IgG titers \u22651:32 than dogs with titers below this cut-off (P\u00a0=\u00a0.02). Dogs with IgG titers \u22651:32 were more likely to have disseminated disease (OR, 7.5; 95% CI: 1.1-68; P\u00a0=\u00a0.03). Serum CRP concentrations were higher in dogs with IgG titers \u22651:16 (median, IQR; 4474.8\u2009ng\/mL, 2885.8-8236.1) than in those below this cut-off (151.2\u2009ng\/mL, 30.4-2907.3; P\u00a0=\u00a0.02). There was a significant inverse association between serum 25(OH)D and CRP at 25(OH)D concentrations \u226433\u2009ng\/mL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum 25(OH)D concentration was lower for dogs with IgG titers \u22651:32, indicating a potential association between semi-quantitative titers and 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs with coccidioidomycosis. IgG titers \u22651:32 yielded higher odds of disseminated disease, but was inadequate as a standalone test to determine form of disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T10:34:37Z","timestamp":1673433277000},"page":"150-160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with coccidioidomycosis and variables associated with extent of clinically evident disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0270-4728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jared A.","family":"Jaffey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Specialty Medicine, , Glendale, Arizona,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Kreisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shelter, and Community Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Primary Care, , Glendale, Arizona,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa F.","family":"Shubitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Valley Fever Center for Excellence, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson , Tucson, Arizona,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Backus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, , Columbia, Missouri,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric T.","family":"Hostnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Columbus, Ohio,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn L.","family":"Wycislo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Pathology, , Glendale, Arizona,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Monasky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Specialty Medicine, , Glendale, Arizona,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magen","family":"Schaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Specialty Medicine, , Glendale, Arizona,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyndi","family":"Holland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protatek Reference Laboratory , Mesa, Arizona,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020302522640300_jvim16629-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2012.01526.x","article-title":"Identifying areas of high risk of human exposure to coccidioidomycosis in Texas using serology data from dogs","volume":"60","author":"Gautam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"2026020302522640300_jvim16629-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/vde.12356","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of cutaneous lesions in 23 canine and 17 feline cases of coccidioidomycosis seen in Arizona, USA (2009-2015)","volume":"27","author":"Simoes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Dermatol"},{"key":"2026020302522640300_jvim16629-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12475","article-title":"Risk factors and spatial distribution of canine coccidioidomycosis in California, 2005-2013","volume":"64","author":"Grayzel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"2026020302522640300_jvim16629-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myy113","article-title":"Selected clinical features of coccidioidomycosis in dogs","volume":"57","author":"Davidson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"2026020302522640300_jvim16629-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.226.1846","article-title":"Incidence of coccidioides infection among dogs residing in a region in which the organism is endemic","volume":"226","author":"Shubitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020302522640300_jvim16629-bib-0006","first-page":"101","article-title":"Nonfatal coccidioidomycosis of dogs. 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