{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T02:36:21Z","timestamp":1787884581134,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1009,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European College of Veterinary Internal Medicine"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The optimal heart rate (HR) in dogs with atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown. Impact of HR on survival needs elucidation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dogs with a 24\u2009hours Holter-derived meanHR \u2264125 beats per minute (bpm; rate controlled) survive longer than dogs with higher meanHR. We further aimed to determine which variables predict ability to achieving rate control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty dogs with AF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Holter-derived meanHR, clinical, echocardiographic, and biomarker variables were analyzed prospectively. Survival was recorded from time of rate control, with all-cause mortality as primary endpoint. Cox proportional hazards analysis identified variables independently associated with survival; Kaplan-Meier survival analysis estimated the median survival time of dogs with meanHR \u2264125\u2009bpm vs &amp;gt;125\u2009bpm. Logistic regression explored baseline variables associated with inability to achieve rate control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Structural heart disease was present in 56\/60 dogs, 50\/60 had congestive heart failure, and 45\/60 died. Median time to all-cause death was 160\u2009days (range, 88-303\u2009days), dogs with meanHR &amp;gt;125\u2009bpm (n\u00a0=\u00a027) lived 33\u2009days (95% confidence interval [CI], 15-141\u2009days), dogs with meanHR \u2264125\u2009bpm (n\u00a0=\u00a033) lived 608\u2009days (95% CI, 155-880\u2009days; P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u2009.0001). Congenital heart disease and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were independently associated with higher risk of death (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u2009.01 and &amp;lt;.0001, respectively) whereas meanHR \u2264125\u2009bpm decreased the risk of death (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u2009.001). Increased left atrial size, increased C-reactive protein concentration and lower blood pressure at admission were associated with failure to achieve rate control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rate control affects survival; an optimal target meanHR &amp;lt;125\u2009bpm should be sought in dogs with AF. Baseline patient variables can help predict if rate control is achievable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T01:44:56Z","timestamp":1682991896000},"page":"887-899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Optimal rate control in dogs with atrial fibrillation\u2014ORCA study\u2014Multicenter prospective observational study: Prognostic impact and predictors of rate control"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3027-0020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigite","family":"Pedro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service , West Midlands,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Centro de Cardiologia Veterin\u00e1ria do Porto , Porto,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Centro de Cardiologia Veterin\u00e1ria do Atl\u00e2ntico , Mafra,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Virtual Veterinary Specialists Ltd , Middlesex,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"ICBAS-UP, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , Porto,","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Mavropoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plakentia Veterinary Clinic , Athens,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5218-9226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark A.","family":"Oyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Department of Clinical Studies and Advanced Medicine, , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Linney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service , West Midlands,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Paragon Veterinary Referrals , Wakefield,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service , West Midlands,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Centro de Cardiologia Veterin\u00e1ria do Porto , Porto,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Centro de Cardiologia Veterin\u00e1ria do Atl\u00e2ntico , Mafra,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Virtual Veterinary Specialists Ltd , Middlesex,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Dukes-McEwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liverpool Leahurst Campus Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, , Neston,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana P.","family":"Fontes-Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS-UP, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto , Porto,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Farmacol\u00f3gica e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Universidade do Porto , Porto,","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"UPVET, Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio da Universidade do Porto , Porto,","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7997-5374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna R.","family":"Gelzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Department of Clinical Studies and Advanced Medicine, , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020302554035300_jvim16666-bib-0001","first-page":"111","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation: clinical findings in 81 cases","volume":"22","author":"Bonagura","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"2026020302554035300_jvim16666-bib-0002","first-page":"264","article-title":"The role of atrial fibrillation as a prognostic factor in Doberman pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy and congestive heart 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