{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T10:32:21Z","timestamp":1775817141334,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1009,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,7]],"date-time":"2023-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Equine Veterinary Medical Center-Member of Qatar Foundation","award":["RG22_TV1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG22_TV1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005595","name":"University of California, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["V435AM2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V435AM2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019475","name":"Sidra Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019475","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005595","name":"University of California","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["V435AM2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V435AM2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019475","name":"Sidra Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019475","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A standardized protocol for electroencephalography (EEG) under standing sedation for the investigation of epilepsy in foals is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate a modified standardized EEG protocol under standing sedation using sublingual detomidine hydrochloride in Egyptian Arabian foals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nineteen foals (controls, 9; juvenile idiopathic epilepsy [JIE], 10).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive clinical study. Foals were classified as controls or epileptic based on history or witnessed seizures and neurological examination. Foals were sedated using sublingual detomidine hydrochloride at a dosage of 0.08\u2009mg\/kg to avoid stress associated with injectable sedation. Once foals appeared sedated with their heads low to the ground and with wide base stance (30\u2009minutes), topical lidocaine hydrochloride was applied at the determined locations of EEG electrodes. Fifteen minutes were allowed for absorption and electrodes were placed, protected, and EEG recording performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Level of sedation was considered excellent with no need of redosing. The EEG recording lasted from 27 to 51\u2009minutes and provided interpretable data. Epileptic discharges (ED) were noted predominantly in the central-parietal region in 9 of 10 epileptic foals. Photic stimulation triggered ED in 7 of 10 epileptic foals and in none of the controls. Foals were not oversedated and recovered uneventfully.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sublingual detomidine hydrochloride is a safe, painless, simple, and effective method of sedation for EEG recording in foals. Sublingual sedation allowed the investigation of cerebral electrical activity during states of sleep and arousal, and during photic stimulation for the investigation of epilepsy in foals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T01:41:45Z","timestamp":1680918105000},"page":"1209-1215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Electroencephalographic evaluation under standing sedation using sublingual detomidine hydrochloride in Egyptian Arabian foals for investigation of epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4902-6725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Vinardell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Member of Qatar Foundation , Doha,","place":["Qatar"]},{"name":"Precision Therapy , Mazy,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Elestwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Sidra Medicine , Doha,","place":["Qatar"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Jamieson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ejaz","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Sidra Medicine , Doha,","place":["Qatar"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Robin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Member of Qatar Foundation , Doha,","place":["Qatar"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Glynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Member of Qatar Foundation , Doha,","place":["Qatar"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruba","family":"Benini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Veterinary Medical Center, Member of Qatar Foundation , Doha,","place":["Qatar"]},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Sidra Medicine , Doha,","place":["Qatar"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5811-9520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Aleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, , Davis, California,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00527.x","article-title":"Epilepsy in horses: aetiological classification and predictive factors","volume":"44","author":"Lacombe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1892\/0891-6640(2006)20[1443:JIEIEA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Juvenile idiopathic epilepsy in Egyptian Arabian foals: 22 cases (1985-2005)","volume":"20","author":"Aleman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15245","article-title":"Presumed neuroglycopenia caused by severe hypoglycemia in horses","volume":"32","author":"Aleman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00356","article-title":"Ganglioglioma of the right Cerebrothalamus in a 7-year-old quarter horse cross gelding","volume":"6","author":"Easton-Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.240.5.580","article-title":"Meningitis and meningoencephalomyelitis in horses: 28 cases (1985-2010)","volume":"240","author":"Toth","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2017.18.4.551","article-title":"Eosinophilic encephalomyelitis in horses caused by protostrongylid parasites","volume":"18","author":"Bak","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vet Sci"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12553","article-title":"Factors associated with outcome in 94 hospitalised foals diagnosed with neonatal encephalopathy","volume":"49","author":"Lyle-Dugas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12149","article-title":"Distribution and predictive factors of seizure types in 104 cases","volume":"46","author":"Lacombe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2001.tb02334.x","article-title":"Diagnostic validity of electroencephalography in equine intracranial disorders","volume":"15","author":"Lacombe","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0096.x","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the electroencephalogram in normal horses during spontaneous drowsiness and sleep","volume":"22","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13613","article-title":"Electroencephalogram of healthy horses during inhaled anesthesia","volume":"30","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.13813","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the electroencephalogram in normal horses during administration of inhaled anesthesia","volume":"30","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1718719","article-title":"Epilepsy-definition, classification, pathophysiology, and epidemiology","volume":"40","author":"Falco-Walter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13709","article-title":"ILAE classification of the epilepsies: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology","volume":"58","author":"Scheffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17241","article-title":"International league against epilepsy classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in childhood: position paper by the ILAE task force on nosology and definitions","volume":"63","author":"Specchio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2019-0134","article-title":"Seizures in children","volume":"41","author":"Fine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-019-04026-8","article-title":"Electroencephalography in epilepsy: look for what could be beyond the visual inspection","volume":"40","author":"Mesraoua","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2012.00921.x","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the electroencephalogram in normal horses after sedation","volume":"26","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0019","first-page":"3","article-title":"The ten-twenty electrode system of the international federation. The International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology","volume":"52","author":"Klem","year":"1999","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1991.52.05.651","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of xylazine and detomidine in horses","volume":"52","author":"Wagner","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1988.tb01538.x","article-title":"Detomidine (Domosedan) in foals: sedative and analgesic effects","volume":"20","author":"Oijala","year":"1988","journal-title":"Equine Vet J"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-018-0560-9","article-title":"Autonomic regulation during sleep and wakefulness: a review with implications for defining the pathophysiology of neurological disorders","volume":"28","author":"Fink","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e3182120fdc","article-title":"Epileptic and nonepileptic paroxysmal events out of sleep in children","volume":"28","author":"Vendrame","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1994.tb02464.x","article-title":"EEG abnormalities in children with a first unprovoked seizure","volume":"35","author":"Shinnar","year":"1994","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0025","first-page":"620","article-title":"Efficiency of the photostimulation in activation of the EEG paroxysmal disorders in children depending on frequency spectrum of the luminous stimulus\u2014preliminary report","volume":"72","author":"Strzelecka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Przegl Lek"},{"key":"2026020302560304900_jvim16695-bib-0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.2170\/jjphysiol.16.238","article-title":"The relation between the photic driving of EEG and the response evoked by photic stimulation in man","volume":"16","author":"Kitasato","year":"1966","journal-title":"Jpn J Physiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/37\/3\/1209\/66656727\/jvim16695.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article-pdf\/37\/3\/1209\/66656727\/jvim16695.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T07:56:20Z","timestamp":1770105380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jvim\/article\/37\/3\/1209\/8447702"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jvim.16695","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-1676"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1939-1676","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}