{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T21:24:29Z","timestamp":1788470669986,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1009,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001458","name":"American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["02644-A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02644-A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001458","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001458","name":"American Kennel Club Canine Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["02644\u2010A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02644\u2010A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001458","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pathogenesis of gallbladder (GB) mucoceles in dogs is unknown. It has been proposed that hyperlipidemia could impair GB motility and contribute to GB mucocele formation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Hypothesis\/Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to compare GB motility in dogs with hyperlipidemia to control dogs using ultrasonography. We hypothesized that hyperlipidemic dogs will have decreased GB motility compared with controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-six hyperlipidemic and 28 healthy, age-matched control dogs were prospectively enrolled.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were measured in all dogs. Hyperlipidemia was defined as hypercholesterolemia (&amp;gt;332\u2009mg\/dL) and\/or hypertriglyceridemia (&amp;gt;143\u2009mg\/dL) using a biochemical analyzer. Ultrasound was performed before feeding, and 60 and 120\u2009minutes after ingestion of a high fat diet. Gallbladder volumes (GBV) and ejection fractions (EF) were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperlipidemic dogs had significantly larger GBVs (ml\/kg) before feeding and 60\u2009minutes after feeding of 1.2 (0.4-7.5; P\u2009=\u2009.008) and 0.6 (0.1-7.2; P\u2009=\u2009.04) compared with controls 0.6 (0.2-2.6) and 0.4 (0.1-1.9), respectively. Severely hyperlipidemic dogs had significantly larger GBV at baseline, 60\u2009minutes, and 120\u2009minutes of 1.7 (0.6-7.5; P\u2009=\u2009.03), 1.3 (0.4-7.2; P\u2009=\u2009.02), and 1.3 (0.2-8.2; P\u2009=\u2009.04), respectively compared with mildly hyperlipidemic dogs. EFs at 60 and 120\u2009minutes between controls, hyperlipidemic, and severely hyperlipidemic were all 0.3 at 60\u2009minutes and 0.5, 0.3, and 0.3 at 120\u2009minutes, respectively which were not statistically different.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hyperlipidemia leads to GB distention in dogs which could lead to retention of bile and gallbladder disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T09:43:57Z","timestamp":1684403037000},"page":"968-975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of gallbladder motility assessed by ultrasonography in dogs with hyperlipidemia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0639-3995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica A.","family":"Villm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie M.","family":"DeMonaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Blacksburg, Virginia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Panciera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Blacksburg, Virginia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha M.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Blacksburg, Virginia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5970-6441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy A.","family":"Bolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, , Blacksburg, Virginia,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026020302562618300_jvim16713-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.231.1.79","article-title":"Gallbladder disease in Shetland sheepdogs: 38 cases (1995-2005)","volume":"231","author":"Aguirre","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med 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