{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:05:10Z","timestamp":1787061910383,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1009,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Histoplasma antigen and anti-Histoplasma antibody detection are used to support the diagnosis of histoplasmosis. There is a paucity of published data on antibody assays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our primary hypothesis was that anti-Histoplasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody detection using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) will be more sensitive as compared to immunodiffusion (ID).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-seven cats and 22 dogs with proven or probable histoplasmosis; 157 negative control animals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Residual stored sera were tested for anti-Histoplasma antibodies using EIA and ID. Results of urine antigen EIA were reviewed retrospectively. Diagnostic sensitivity was calculated for all three assays and compared between immunoglobulin G (IgG) EIA and ID. The diagnostic sensitivity of urine antigen EIA and IgG EIA, interpreted in parallel, was reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sensitivity of IgG EIA was 30\/37 (81.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 68.5%-93.4%) in cats and 17\/22 (77.3%; 95% CI, 59.8%-94.8%) in dogs. Diagnostic sensitivity of ID was 0\/37 (0%; 95% CI, 0%-9.5%) in cats and 3\/22 (13.6%; 95% CI, 0%-28.0%) in dogs. Immunoglobulin G EIA was positive in all animals (2 cats and 2 dogs) with histoplasmosis but without detectable antigen in urine. Diagnostic specificity of IgG EIA was 18\/19 (94.7%; 95% CI, 74.0%-99.9%) in cats and 128\/138 (92.8%; 95% CI, 87.1%-96.5%) in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Clinical Importance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antibody detection by EIA can be used to support the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in cats and dogs. Immunodiffusion has an unacceptably low diagnostic sensitivity and is not recommended.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]],"date-time":"2023-04-27T05:53:26Z","timestamp":1682574806000},"page":"1007-1014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay and immunodiffusion for detection of anti-\n                    <i>Histoplasma<\/i>\n                    antibodies in serum from cats and dogs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Tims","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Specialists of North Texas , Fort Worth, Texas,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Oklahoma State University Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Stillwater, Oklahoma,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6523-4033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew S.","family":"Hanzlicek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, , Stillwater, Oklahoma,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"MiraVista Diagnostics , Indianapolis, Indiana,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Nafe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Missouri Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, , Columbia, Missouri,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Durkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MiraVista Diagnostics , Indianapolis, Indiana,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Smith-Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MiraVista Diagnostics , Indianapolis, Indiana,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. 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